Nelius Foley, Matteo Sottocornola, Paul Leahy, Valerie Rondeau, Ger Kiely Hydrology, Micrometeorology and Climate Change University College Cork, IrelandEnvironmental.

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Presentation transcript:

Nelius Foley, Matteo Sottocornola, Paul Leahy, Valerie Rondeau, Ger Kiely Hydrology, Micrometeorology and Climate Change University College Cork, IrelandEnvironmental Research Institute GHG fluxes from Terrestrial Ecosystems - peatlands, grasslands and forestry 1

Ecosystem Fluxes & Climate Change University College Cork, IrelandEnvironmental Research Institute FLOODS WARMING SPECIES LOSS EUTROPHICATION MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH Water Chemistry Soil Hydrology - Soil Physics Atmospheric Physics Ecology Hydrology 2

Some Past & Current Projects 1.EUTROPHICATION ( ) – Phosphorus loss from soil to water 2.CELTICFLUX ( )– Measurement/modelling of GHG fluxes 3.Flood Studies Update – Flood Event Analysis 4.Flood Warning Web – River Blackwater Live Flood Warning System 5.CarboEurope & NitroEurope – European Terrestrial Carbon and Nitrogen Balance 6.N 2 O grass – N 2 O emissions from Irish grasslands 7.Hydrological Extremes – increasing extremes in precipitation and temperature 8.Soils Projects: a. SoilC – Measurement and Modelling of Soil Carbon Stocks and Stock Changes in Irish Soils b. ForestC – Soil carbon stock changes and greenhouse gas fluxes in Irish forests c. SoilH – Interactions of soil hydrology, land use and climate change and impacts on soil quality d. GrassC – Investigation of Carbon Sequestration potential in Grassland Soils University College Cork, IrelandEnvironmental Research Institute 3

Hydromet Field experiments in different ecosystems (soils +biomass) – throughout Ireland Data analysis and modelling – using empirical and process based models Model climate change scenarios –e.g. effect of climate warming on Ecosystem productivity/respiration Our laboratories are Irish ecosystems and catchments – grasslands, peatlands and forests. University College Cork, IrelandEnvironmental Research Institute 4

Terrestrial Ecosystems Grasslands Peatlands Forestry GHG Fluxes: CO 2 ; N 2 O; CH 4 Sign convention Atmosphere Land surface + - GHG Fluxes 5 SINKSOURCE Land – Atmosphere interaction

Sink or Source of Carbon CARBON SINK – means the ecosystem (soils + vegetation) removes carbon (as CO 2 ) from the atmosphere – computed over a timescale from 10 Hz to years CARBON SOURCE – means the ecosystem returns (emits) carbon to the atmosphere Annual NEE = Net Ecosystem Exchange = CO 2 Uptake (mostly but not always) NEE = P G – Rtot P G = Gross Photosynthesis Rtot = Total Respiration (soil + plant) night day CO 2 flux Net Photosynthesis Respiration 6

Peatlands Grasslands Forestry Atmosphere -CO 2 Sink for CO 2 (-) +CH 4 Source for N 2 O(+) +CH 4 +N 2 O Source for CH 4 (+) Animals +N 2 O 7

UCC GHG flux sites Glencar, Kerry. Peatland Dripsey, Cork. Grassland and forestry Chamber CO 2 Chamber CH 4 EC CO 2 EC N 2 O Modelling CO 2 Modelling N 2 O Since 2002 with EPA/EU funding 8

Global FLUXNET sites 9

We sample the turbulent motion between the biosphere and the atmosphere to determine the net difference of moving material (CO 2, N 2 O, CH 4 ). We sample the 3D wind speed and GHG concentrations at 10Hz and then averaged over 30 min w' = fluctuation of the vertical wind 10 Hz ρ c ' = density fluctuation of CO 10 Hz Eddy Covariance CO 2 Flux measurements 3D-Sonic anemometer LI-7500 Open Path CO 2 /H 2 O gas analyser 10 Fc = averaged over 30 minutes

Field Instrumentation University College Cork, IrelandEnvironmental Research Institute 11

Dripsey – Monthly Uptake – (NEE – Net Ecosystem Exchange) Source- Emissions Sink -Uptake g CO 2 m -2 Managed grassland - 3 farms – mix of grazing + silage fields 12

Dripsey Grassland CO 2 fluxes Range or interannual variability 2 to 3 T C/ha.yr or 7 to 11 T CO 2 /ha.yr 1 st May Growing Season Silage cutting and/or grazing 13

PEATLAND: monthly CO 2 flux EMISSIONS UPTAKE Sottocornola & Kiely, Agricultural and Forest Meteotology 14

PEATLAND: cumulative CO 2 flux 0.16 TC/ha.yr To 0.95 TC/ha.yr Interannual variability 15

Grassland tower – forest sector, Planting year -100 g C m -2 y -1 Recovery years ~ -150 to -350 g C m -2 y -1 Grassland -500 g C m -2 y -1 Land Use Change (LUC) Grassland to Broadleaf Forest – CO 2 Exchange 16

Indicative annual biomass growth Peatland (natural) Grassland (managed) Forestry (managed) ~0.25 mm ~ 500 mm >1000 mm 17

GHG Fluxes - Position Today, we have the technology to continuously measure and quantify the GHG fluxes from the different ecosystems Globally, there are ~ 300 research EC sites with 3/4 Irish sites ICOS – International Carbon Observation System aims to put GHG fluxes on a similar footing to meteorological synoptic stations with real time publicly accessible data We acknowledge the EPA for their continuous support, without which this work would not be possible. Thank You 18