INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BIOLOGY pp

cells  tissues  organs  organ systems

BODY TISSUES

muscle: contract in coordination upon stimulation (skeletal, cardiac, smooth)

nervous: receive and transmit information and signals (made of cells called neurons)

epithelial: line surfaces of bodies, cavities, canals

connective: cells surrounded by extra- cellular, non-living tissue called a matrix (bone, cartilage, tendons, blood)

ORGANS Tissues working together

BODY CAVITIES Spinal, cranial, thoracic, diaphragm, abdominal, pelvic Know the locations in your body

ORGAN SYSTEMS Skeletal: protection and support Muscular: support and movement

Respiratory: Gas exchange Circulatory: transport of gases, nutrients, waste, and chemicals througout body.

Endocrine: controls body function via chemical messengers. Nervous: regulates body via impulses

Digestive: breakdown and absorption of food Excretory: removal of liquid and solid wastes

Reproductive: production of sex cells to make offspring Immune: Fights pathogens and disease

Integumentary: protection and thermoregulation Barrier against mechanical and chemical injury Protection of microbial invasion Insulation against heat loss Evaporative cooling through sweating Sensory for environment Vitamin (D) synthesis

SKIN Epidermis- dermal pigmentation Melanocytes make melanin (melanin is a black pigment and carotene is an orange pigment) and is inherited Dermis-inner layer composed of blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, glands

Glands 1. Oil glands attached to hair follicles secrete sebum (oils) 2. Sweat glands regulate body temperature Subcutaneous: fat cells (insulation)

Nails are made of keratin (like hair) and protec ends of toes and fingers Hair is produced by hair follicles and insulates the body