+ A brief history of data and databases Spanning thousands and thousands of years Unattributed pictures from University of Rochester History SiteUniversity of Rochester History Site

+ Teams – getting to know you Your teams are actually forming a mini-company. Your job will be to implement an on-line database based application (Either TA project or CAPWIC). You will need to do the work from the SRS through the final product including any training and technical documentation required. Those on CAPWIC will have some of this documentation, but this is a bit larger project than the TA system. Today, you are meeting for the first time and need to organize the responsibilities. (These may change, but this will give you a first pass at primary responsibilities for the project tasks.) In your group, fill out the group worksheet indicating who will fulfill which roles. For all but the manager, you may identify 1 or 2 people. There can be only one manager.

+ Teams The Team Barbachem Gordon Meyer Harr TA project CAPWIC Schroeder Beasley Wooten Petrella CAPWIC Team Awesome Hardgrove Doll Cooke Brown TA project Team Passing Hoge McKelvey Buadum Sutton ??? Misfits Best Sharp Lee Meier Micucci ??? Watson Ragonesi Pham Ward ??? Richardson Brockman Gruszecki Zhao ???

+ Roles to identify Team manager – will be responsible for organizing meetings, making sure minutes are taken (for tasks and deadlines), and keeping the group on task to meet the implementation deadlines. Project manager – will be responsible to develop the project plan and monitor progress reporting back to the team on slippages and successes. Interface designer – will be responsible for designing the user interface including the overall flow of the application. (For CAPWIC, this design has been done but will need to be tweaked as you go along) Programmer – will be responsible for the front end coding and connecting the front end user interface to the database. Database designer / implementer – will take primary responsibility for the design of the database and implementing and populating the database. This needs to be at least 2 and most teams will be fully involved in this piece. Technical Writer – will take primary responsibility for all types of written documentation including SRS, design documents, and final user and technical documentation of the system. Quality Control coordinator – takes ownership of imbuing quality throughout the development process.

+ In your groups Come up with a company name Exchange contact information Make a case for the role(s) that you wish to serve on and get consensus among the group about who will take the lead on which roles. Fill out the company organizational worksheet. Consider where you feel you are the strongest and also where you feel the weakest among the strengths and weaknesses of the individual team members. About 20 minutes

+ Record Keeping – How long? Source: picture – wikipedia 4th millenium

+ Why? We use records to measure “stuff”. And most of these records are not digital.

+ Jacquard Loom

From ancestry.com (1790 census, Pittsford, NY) Marriage book, Rochester, NY, chronological filing of marriage licenses.

+ Other non-electronic records SS cards – 35 million hand typed between Motor vehicle licenses and registrations Financial records for companies School records

+ Card Catalogs – An ingeneous indexing system

+ It didn’t indicate whether the book was available, just where it should be found.(example cards)example Creating the cards required the expertise of librarians.

+ Problem – The 1890 census Enter Herman Hollerith.Herman Hollerith

+ Hollerith’s device pantographHollerith card Integrating machine

+ First computers The program, the data, the JCL – all done with punchcards

+ Electronic files – Early computing 1950s – 1970s

+ Enter the database – Early 1960s Objects in a database can be related to one another. Hierarchical – One record leads to the related record. (Like a tree) Network – Allowed for multiple relationships (like a network) The databases used pointers to relate one record to another.

+ Charles Bachman Integrated data store – Dow Chemical CASE products (Computer Aided Engineering)

+ Some issues While an improvement over file based systems, these systems required knowledge of the structures to use them. No built in search mechanism. Very few users understood the structures, access limited to an elite few. Queries were complex. Took time to get new information and expensive programmer time to produce.

+ Enter the relational DBMS 1970, Edgar Codd Relational DBMS Mathematician at IBM Based on Relational Calculus and set theory U of Michigam MicroDBMS IBM System R First implementation of SQL Led to Oracle IBM DB2 Informix Sybase MS SQL Server (based on Sybase)

+ Relational Ideas Data is represented as a series of tables. The tables are Related to one another through a series of keys and foreign keys. A standard language is used to define the database (DDL) and to query the database (DML). Tables within the database contain the data about the database (meta data).

+ Why relational? It is easy for most people to “see” and “get it”. Makes the data accessible for a wider number of users through user friendly query tools. Through good database design, space usage is efficient (although this has become less of an issue of late).

+ The Future? Object Oriented Databases – Combine data and operations on those data – Allows for inheritance – Cache’ (Intersystems Corp) – Oracle (Object-Relational Database) – Postgre(open source) XML and XML DBMS – XML designed to transport and store data initially envisioned as moving data across the web (w3schools.com)w3schools.com – XML Database Management System manages that data

+ Next up – modelling data and relational dbms terms A few words about data models. Activity