1. Database Management Systems
DBMS | CSC-351/621

2. Getting Started and Quick Overview

3. Motivation
According to Glassdoor, the average salary for SQL Developer is $98,313 per year in the United States
According to Glassdoor, the average salary for PHP Developer is $89,774 per year
According to TIOBE, the software quality company, the SQL Language is one of the highest positions (since 2002) – December, 2018
According to TIOBE, the software quality company, the PHP Programming Language is one of the highest positions (since 2002) – December, 2018

4. Title and content layout with chart
And it continues to rise -

5. Course Overview Relational Databases (since 1970)
Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) / Database Modeling
SQL: CRUD queries, views, procedures, and triggers
Cloud Computing (Microsoft Azure) – MS SQL Server
Database Management Systems (DBMS)
Web Applications: HTML, CSS, and PHP
NoSQL: MongoDB – document-oriented database program

6. Course Goals and Objectives
To develop an understanding of Relational Databases (SQL, and ERD Modelling)
To develop an understanding of advanced concepts of Relational Databases
To develop an understanding of NoSQL Databases
Basic structure of web application and how a web browser interacts with a web server. Request-Response Cycle that is the basis of the Hypertext Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Final project – Web App that integrates with DB server

7. What is a Database?

8. What is a Database? A collection of individual data items
Stored in a highly structured way
Represents a model of reality
Organizes the data in a way that facilitates efficient access to the information captured in the data
Data can be stored in a single location
Or, distributed across large networks

9. CRUD Tasks Create Read Update Delete
All performed by a database engine

10. What is Database Management Systems?

11. Simplified - DBMS
A database management system (DBMS) is a system software for creating and managing databases
The DBMS provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data
Happy Coding!

12. Database Management Systems (DBMS)
Server-based systems such as SQL Server or Oracle
A system that communicates with the database server to perform CRUD operations
Creation of databases
Insertion, storage, retrieval, update, and deletion of the data stored in the database
Maintenance of databases (i.e., backup, user permissions/control)

14. Relational Database Management Systems
Being specific about what database management system we are using
Database systems may vary, from relational (i.e., MySQL, T-SQL) to document- oriented databases such as MongoDB

15. System Categories Major server DBMS vendors
Microsoft SQL Server (MSSQL)
Oracle
DB2 (IBM)
PostgreSQL (open source, free to install and use)
MySQL (open source, free to install and use)

16. What is SQL? Structured Query Language
Used by the DBMS to interact with the database
Create new tables
Insert and update data
Retrieve information
A very beautiful and simple language!

17. Initial Terminology
Data – facts that are recorded and can be retrieved/accessed
Data formats – text, numbers, figures, audio/video, recordings and more
Data is saved and kept because it is considered to be of use to an intended user

18. Initial Terminology
Metadata – data that describes the structure and prosperities of the data
Metadata is essential for the proper understanding and use of the data
Data without metadata

19. Initial Terminology
Data with metadata

20. Initial Terminology
Database metadata – represents the structure of the database
Database content that is not the data itself (data about the data)
Contains:
Names of the data structures
Data types
Data descriptions
Other information describing the characteristics of the data

21. Initial Terminology
Typical database system architecture

22. We will talk about that in more details later on in this course…
Initial Terminology
Front-end application – provide a mechanism for easy interaction between the user and the DBMS
* DML (Data Manipulation Language)
Manipulate data itself
it is used to retrieve, modify/update, delete, and insert
* DDL (Data Definition Language)
It is used to define data structures (e.g., create table, alter table)
In other words, it is used to create and modify the structure of database objects in the database (design)
We will talk about that in more details later on in this course…

23. Initial Terminology
Queries: access different parts of data and formulate the results of a request
Transactions: symbolizes a unit of work performed within a system against a databases
A single unit of logic or work
SQL select statement and its result – Wikipedia

24. Steps in the Development of Database Systems

25. Steps in the Development of Database Systems
Requirements collection, definition, and visualization
Results in the requirements specifying which data the future database system will hold and what the capabilities and functionalities of the database system will be
The collected requirements should be clearly defined and stated in a written document, and then visualized
Conceptual database model – a visualization of requirements by using a conceptual data modeling technique (such as entity-relationship diagram (ERD))

26. Steps in the Development of Database Systems
Iterative nature of the database requirements collection, definition, and visualization process

27. Steps in the Development of Database Systems
Database modeling (logical database modeling) – creation of the database model that is implementable by the DBMS
Logical database modelling follows conceptual database modelling
Database implementation – using a DBMS to implement the database model as an actual database
Most modern databases are implemented using a relational DBMS (RDBMS) software

28. Steps in the Development of Database Systems
Developing front-end applications – designing and creating application for indirect use by the end-users
Front-end applications are based on the database model and the requirements specifying the front-end functionalities
Front-end applications contain interfaces (such as forms and reports) accessible via a navigation mechanism (such as menu/navigation bar)

29. Steps in the Development of Database Systems
Database deployment – releasing the database system for use by the end users
Database use – the insertion, modification, deletion, and retrieval of the data in the database system

30. Steps in the Development of Database Systems
Database administration and maintenance – performing activities that support the database end user, including dealing with technical issues, such as:
Providing security for the information contained in the database
Ensuring sufficient hard/solid drive space for the database content
Implementing the backup and recovery procedures

31. People Involved w/ DB Systems
Database analysts, designers, and developers
Database admins – perform the tasks related to the maintenance and administration of a database system
Database engineers/designers (a.k.a architects) – involved in the database modeling stage
Database developers – in charge of implementing the database model as a functioning database using the DBMS software
Database developers are involved in SQL Programming language
Write SQL queries, procedures, triggers, and so on

32. Additional DBMS Functionality
DBMS may additionally provide
Protection or security measure to prevent unauthorized access
“Active” processing to take internal actions on data
Maintenance of the db and associated programs