Certificate in Global Environment and Development Joint Certificate between ENVS and IAFS  ENVS IAFS 1000 (8 hours)  ENVS 3000 level and IAFS 3000 level course focused on global environment and development (6 hours)  6 hours of experiential learning Internships ENVS or IAFS Program such as CU in DC Study Abroad/Global Semester programs If you are an ENVS or IAFS major (or considering either program), would you be interested in this program? (if you are a Jr/Sr, think back to your freshman year)

More Exam Details When you enter the room, you will be given two pieces of paper. Then you must sit with/near your assigned TA, and you will be given a third piece of paper. All 3 pieces of paper must be turned in to your TA when you leave, no exceptions. Bring your glasses. Bring #2 lead pencil for multiple choice questions. Possible essay questions have been posted:

Outline for 10/1: Conventional Military Force 1.Conventional Military Force Decisions about size and composition Comparing countries 2.Counterinsurgency (COIN) Some COIN basics COIN in Afghanistan 3. An Air War in Syria?

Decisions re: Conventional Forces 1.Size External threats External balancing (alliance) options Guns vs. Butter Tradeoff, and the Demand for Butter Offensive / defensive intentions (3:1 rule )

2.Capital (Equipment) vs. Labor (Manpower) Intensiveness Economic Development Population Size Strategic Doctrine: Attrition or Blitzkreig

3.Draft or Volunteer Force (for labor component of conventional forces) Offensive vs. Defensive Intentions Democracy or Autocracy Population Size (especially # of unemployed) Any other decisions that national leaders must make in terms of their conventional forces?

CountrySizeK or L intensiveDraft or AVF North Korea1,000,000 active 9,500,000 total (pop.=24 million) L intensiveDraft China2,300,000 active 3,500,000 total (pop.=1.3 billion) L intensive, but growing K Draft, but not enforced Israel180,000 active 750,000 total (pop.=7.5 million) K intensiveDraft, includes females Costa Rica0 active 10,000 total United States Comparing National Choices re: Conventional Forces Can you fill in the United States row?

Fighting a Counterinsurgency Def. of insurgency – armed rebellion against a government (often weak) Def. of counterinsurgency (COIN) – military force (often from outside powers) directed towards suppressing armed rebellion, protecting civilians and strengthening the government. COIN success requirement? 1 soldier/50 civilians Contrast with counterterrorism (CT) – focus on eliminating the terrorists/armed rebellion, don’t worry about the rest. Examples?

US/NATO COIN in Afghanistan Who are the domestic insurgents? Who are the foreign insurgents? Who is the govt. we are trying to protect/strengthen?

Doing the Math for COIN in Afghanistan Total Afghan pop. 28,000,000 1 soldier/50 civilians requires 560,000 troops NATO troops (including US) 105,000 (peak in 2011) Afghan military 100,000 ~200,000 Reasons for pessimism? Reasons for optimism?

Air War in Syria ? What do we hit? Syrian air defense: aircraft plus ground-to-air missiles Command and control facilities High value symbolic targets NOT chemical weapons storage facilities Securing chemical weapons would require ground forces, which is not politically feasible. How do we hit these targets? Cruise missiles launched from sea Aircraft launched from Jordan and maybe Turkey

US COIN in Iraq 3 ethnic groups in Iraq: 1) Shiite majority (50%), 2) Sunni minority (30%), and 3) Kurds (20%) Who are the insurgents? Who controls the govt. that the US is trying to protect Who wants independence from Iraq, but not currently insurgents?

Doing the Math for COIN in Iraq Total Iraq pop. 26,000,000 Minus Kurds 21,000,000 1 soldier/50 civilians required 420,000 troops US troop level 150,000 max Military contractors 50,000 Iraqi military (Shiite) 100,000 (200,000) ~300,000 If we did not have the required force level, what could explain our success in Iraq?