The 1850’s and the Road to Succession & The Civil War ( ) The 1850’s and the Road to Succession & The Civil War ( )

Problems of Balance in 1850 ß California statehood. ß Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession. ß Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: ß California statehood. ß Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession. ß Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:

Compromise of 1850

What was the Missouri Compromise again? Passed in 1820 between the pro- slavery and anti-slavery factions regulating slavery in the western territories. Slavery okay in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30' north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri.

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

The Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 (10 Stat. 277) created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands that would help settlement in them and repealed the Missouri Compromise of Allowed settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries and to settle there. Problems?

“Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

Bleeding Kansas A struggle for control of Kansas and opponents of slavery. Pro-slavery settlers from Missouri arrived in Kansas and settlers from New England led by John Brown clashed in Kansas. Dozens of settlers on both sides were slaughtered. Foreshadowing maybe?

Tragic Prelude By: John Curry Depicting John Brown, an American abolitionist who preached abolition by any means necessary.

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 ßNorthern Whigs. ßNorthern Democrats. ßFree-Soilers. ßKnow-Nothings. ßOther miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. ßNorthern Whigs. ßNorthern Democrats. ßFree-Soilers. ßKnow-Nothings. ßOther miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party] ßNativists. ßAnti- Catholics. ßAnti- immigrants. ßNativists. ßAnti- Catholics. ßAnti- immigrants  Secret Order of the Star- Spangled Banner created in NYC.

1856 Presidential Election √ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

1856 Election Results

The Dred Scott Decision In 1957 the Supreme Court ruled that since private ownership was outlined in the Bill of Rights, the Federal government could not deprive anyone from owning slaves, who were seen as property. Abolitionists were outraged by this decision and felt that Southern slaveholders had too much power in government.

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand. A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine Popular Sovereignty?

1860 Presiden tial Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860  Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.]  Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].  No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].  Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].  Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.  Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].  Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.]  Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].  No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].  Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].  Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.  Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election Results 1860 Election Results

Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing- KY)

Secession!: SC  Dec. 20, 1860

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Rating the North & the South

Slave/Free States Population, 1861

Railroad Lines, 1860

Resources: North & the South

The Union & Confederacy in 1861

Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

Ohio Military Service

Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined

Immigrants as a % of a State’s Population in 1860

The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens

The Confederate “White House”

The Confederate Seal MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”

A Northern View of Jeff Davis

North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda ” Plan North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda ” Plan

The “Anaconda” Plan

Lincoln’s Generals Irwin McDowell Winfield Scott George McClellan, Again! McClellan George McClellan Ambrose Burnside Joseph Hooker George Meade Ulysses S. Grant

McClellan: I Can Do It All!

The Confederate Generals Jeb Stuart James Longstreet George Pickett “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest Robert E. Lee

Battle of Bull Run (1 st Manassas) July, 1861

Buy Your Way Out of Military Service

War in the East:

Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War up to This point” 23,000 casualties September 17, 1862

The Emancipation Proclamation

African-American Recruiting Poster

The Famous 54 th Massachusetts

August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould Shaw

African-Americans in Civil War Battles

Black Troops Freeing Slaves Black soldiers made a massive difference in the war. Black soldiers made a massive difference in the war. After emancipation many blacks joined the war effort with 38,000 dying for the cause. After emancipation many blacks joined the war effort with 38,000 dying for the cause. Approximately 180,000 blacks fought for the North, which helped to shape a different view of blacks in America. Approximately 180,000 blacks fought for the North, which helped to shape a different view of blacks in America.

Emancipation in 1863

The Southern View of Emancipation

Battle of Chancellorsville General Lee won a victory for the south in this battle in North Virginia. Tragically, another popular military leader, General “Stonewall Jackson” was killed by friendly fire.

The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg Vicksburg

The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

Gettysburg Casualties YouTube - Gettysburg Movie the best part

The Gettysburg Address “We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation under God, shall have a new birth of freedom-and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish form the earth” - Abraham Lincoln Union War cemetery at Gettysburg Abraham Lincoln Union War cemetery at Gettysburg 1863

The North Initiates the Draft, 1863

Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC

Recruiting Blacks in NYC

NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863) YouT ube - Gang s of New York - Draft Riots

NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

A “Pogrom” Against Blacks

Inflation in the South

The Progress of War:

Sherman’ s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864

1864 Election Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan (D)

The Peace Movement: Copperheads Clement Vallandigham

1864 Copperhead Campaign Poster

Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads in 1864

Presidenti al Election Results: 1864

The Final Virginia Campaign:

Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865

Casualties on Both Sides

Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

The Assassin John Wilkes Booth

The Assassination

WANTED~~!!WANTED~~!!

Now He Belongs to the Ages!

The Execution