1 Exploring the Internet Session 1 Introduction to the Internet and World Wide Web

2 Internet Definitions - p. 1 zNetwork - set of hardware and software components that supports several people working together and allows sharing of hardware, software, and information zInternet - a network of networks that allows you to communicate with people anywhere in the world as well as access information that you desire any time of the day or night

3 Internet Definitions (cont.) zStarted in the 1960s as a joint project between education, and government (ARPANET) for defense purposes. zWorld Wide Web (WWW) - easy method of sending text, graphics, and sound has resulted in explosive growth zWeb browser - piece of software needed for accessing WWW

4 Internet zToday, mostly used for commercial purposes. zIncludes many different types of resources. The one that is most prevalent today is the World Wide Web (WWW). zAllows millions of people from around the world to communicate with one another. yResponsible for the fall of the iron curtain yRole in Gulf War yTotalitarian governments despise it

5 Internet Connection Necessities zModem or network connection zInternet account zInternet Service Provider (ISP) -university, AOL, Dave’s World, and so forth zSoftware Utilities zBrowser software

6 Internet Addresses zAccount - individual that you are communicating with zDomain yLower domain - the name of the organization where the account can be found yTop domain - the type of organization

7 Internet Addresses zTo communicate with someone, you have to know their Internet address (everything after is the domain): This User (account) At the computer named rs6000.cmp At Illinois State University An educational institution

8 Top Domains - p. 5 z.comcommercial or business site z.edueducational site z.govU.S. government site z.milU.S. military site z.netnetwork site z.orgprivate or non-profit site

9 Proposed Top Domains z.firmBusinesses or firms z.shopBus. offering goods for purchase z.webWeb-based Entities z.artsCultural or entertainment activities z.recRecreational or entertainment entity z.infoInformation services entities z.nomIndividual or personal sites

10 Starting an Internet Session zObtain communication with your ISP yLogin procedure - identifies you to the host computer yPassword - series of characters that verifies to the computer that you are a valid user xAsterisks may appear as you enter it xNever give your password to anyone

11 Internet Services zElectronic Mail zUsenet/Newsgroups zListserv zFile Transfer Protocol (FTP) zTelnet zGopher and Veronica zInternet Relay Chat zWorld Wide Web

12 - p. 6 z - ability to send and receive messages using the computer. zUses special software designed specifically for this task yPine, Elm (UNIX) yEudora yExchange zSingle or many recipients possible zFlaming

13 Etiquette - p. 7 zKeep message brief and concise zDon’t send confidential or embarrassing info. zRemember, the message belongs to the org. zDon’t copy unnecessary people zDon’t use all upper case letters zInclude a salutation and signature line zYou may want to use shorthand (abbreviations) - Table 1.2 zEmoticons help to show how you feel - Table 1.3 zAvoid all gossip or impropriety using

14 Usenet/Newsgroups - p. 9 zInteractive discussions that can occur on a wide variety o f subjects zPostings are messages to the newsgroup zInformation is arranged by topic or by areas of interest z100s of group names/topics are available

15 Usenet/Newsgroups zSelected group names or categories ycompcomputers ymiscdon’t fit a category yrecrecreational activities or hobbies ysciscientific areas ysocsocial, cultural, and political ytalkdiscussion forums for politics or other areas with controversy

16 Listserv zListserv - consists of all messages related to a single topic zA document containing these messages is sent to all subscribers zAll that is required to access is software zMany times listservs are used for conducting classes

17 Agent - Newsgroup browser

18 Newsgroup Guidelines zReview the frequently asked questions (FAQ) document for that group. zReview the last two or three weeks of the articles or postings to get a flavor for the group. zSpend some time “lurking” examining the group without posting. zBe careful with your first postings. If participants feel you don’t understand elementary items, you will probably get flamed.

19 File Transfer Protocol - p. 13 zFile Transfer Protocol (FTP) - method of transferring files across the Internet zCan be done with UNIX statements zCan be done with special FTP software zMay be built in browser, such as Netscape or Intrnet Explorer zMany times referred to as anonymous FTP because most users use anonymous as their name when requesting files.

20 FTP Client Software Utility Your System (where you want to receive the files) Where the files currently reside

21 Telnet - p. 14 zAllows you to communicate directly with another computer zUnlike FTP, it does not allow you to download files zMany times used to gain access to other libraries, get weather forecasts, and so forth

22 Gopher and Veronica - p. 14 yGopher - text-based, menu driven program that allows you to access, view, and download files (developed at U. of Minn.) yPrecursor to WWW—not used much anymore yVeronica is the search engine for finding files from multiple gopher sites; analogous to Yahoo, Excite, … in the WWW.

23 Internet Relay Chat zPermits you to communicate “live” with other Internet users zNeeds special software that can be downloaded from a number of locations zRequires you to log in to a chat room zStatements that you type are visible to other participants

24 World Wide Web (WWW or Web) zDesigned in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee zCombines text, graphics, sound as a “packet” of information zPhenomenally rapid growth zRequires the use of a software browser to interpret the data needed for a site and then download it to the user and display/play properly

25 World Wide Web Terminology zWeb Browser - A piece of software that can understand and display Web documents (Netscape and Explorer are two commonly used browsers) zHome page - The initial Web page Netscape loads when you start the program zUniform Resource Locator - The location of a page on the World Wide Web zWeb Document - A specially designed file for use on the Web than can contain text, graphics, sound, and links to other Web pages.

26 URL Components zProtocol yhttp: (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) zHost (Server address) ywww.cis.usouthal.eduwww.cis.usouthal.edu zResource (file name or full path to file) yInternet.html

27 More Web Terminology zHyperlinks - “Jumps” to a different location in the document, a different document on the computer, or a different computer zhttp - Hypertext transfer protocol - the first four letters in each URL - indicates that the browser can expect text, graphic, or sound files zHTML - HyperText Markup Language - the ASCII based language used to describe a Web page so that it can be interpreted by the browser software for loading text, images, or sound files. zSurfing - Navigating links of Web pages

28 Web Browsers zA number of different kinds of browsers yNetscape yInternet Explorer yMosaic zNetscape the browser selected by ISU

29 Internet Explorer Screen zMenu bar zToolbars zAddress text box zDocument window zStatus bar zScroll bars zStatus indicator

30 Web Surfing zEnter an address in the Location box zClick on a link yPointer turns into a hand with the upraised index finger to indicate a link yClick the link and that page is loaded zRole of the Forward and Back buttons zFavorites

31 More Surfing zPrinting a Web page zSaving pages zAccessing saved pages zUsing the Context menu ySaving images yImages are typically GIF and JPG files

32 Other Web Browser Uses zAccessing Search Engines ySearch Engine xTypes - Pip handout xSearch Spiders yResearch using the Web z zNewsgroups

33 Research Using the Computer zSearching for information on the Web yStart with a search engine ySuccess depends on how the search engine determines sites yLots of “garbage” on the Web zSearching a library using Telnet or Browser