Swing Music From Jazz Combos to Big Bands. Includes Chicago, Kansas City, New York Greater use of written arrangements. Musicians were more proficient.

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Swing Music From Jazz Combos to Big Bands. Includes Chicago, Kansas City, New York Greater use of written arrangements. Musicians were more proficient. More solo improvisation. Bands had often 10 or more players, there were 3 sections: rhythm (piano, guitar, bass, drums), brass (trumpets, trombones), and reeds (clarinets, saxophones). Instrumentation included saxophones, and drummers used more high-hat cymbals. Tubas and banjos are no longer used.

Early Big Bands Fletcher Henderson ( ) – pitted saxes against brass, used block voicing. Hired great musicians including Roy Eldridge-trumpet and Coleman Hawkins-tenor sax. Count Basie ( )-Count Basie, piano Lester Young- tenor sax, Dicky Wells- trombone, Freddie Green- guitar, Walter Page-bass, Jo Jones-drums Duke Ellington ( ) Duke-piano, Juan Tizol-valve trombone, Joe Nanton- trombone, Jimmy Blanton- bass, Hits: Don’t Get Around Much Anymore, It Don’t Mean A Thing (If It Ain’t Got that Swing), Satin Doll, Solitude, Mood Indigo.

2 important big bands- Count Basie’s & Duke Ellington’s

What the Count and Duke did well Basie: Played sparingly, relaxed tempos Swung hard Comping Emphasis on improvisation and driving rhythm Count Basie and Big Joe Williams, “All Right, OK, You Win” Duke: Awarded a scholarship to art college. A thorough arranger – thought of different instruments as different colors Encouraged his musicians to have a signature sound- concentration on tone as well as technique. Wrote parts for the particular sounds and capabilities of his band. Voicings across sections of the band. Used wordless vocals.

2 important vocalists- Ella Fitzgerald & Billie Holiday

Ella & Billie Ella Fitzgerald ( ) Hits with jazz and pop music Discovered by Chick Webb, led the band after 1939 following Webb’s death Great vocal dexterity, intonation, and sense of swing. Scatted with ease. (avoided by Holiday) 14 Grammy Awards Billie Holiday ( ) Composed/co-authored some of her own songs including “God Bless the Child” Exceptional at phrasing, emotional depth. Avoided scatting. Biggest hit “Strange Fruit”

The Cotton Club-clips from real life and Coppola’s film