Chapter 17 Part 1 Pages 562-568

Terms to Know George Marshall Women’s Auxillary Army corp (WAAC) Philip Randolph Manhattan Project Office of Public Administration War Production Board Rationing

Attack on Pearl Harbor Dissolved American Isolationism Recruitment offices were flooded with volunteers 5 million Americans ended up volunteering

Problem with Atlantic Charter Japan attacked us How would FDR explain that most of our troops would go after Hitler? Problem solved when Germany declared war agains the U.S>

A Two-Front WAr One front against Japan in the Pacific Another against Hitler in Europe

The Troops Eight weeks of basic training Physicals by army doctors Some turned away due to ill effects of the Depression The impact of many years of hunger

George Marshall The Army Chief of Staff Later Truman’s Secretary of State

Women Wanted to contribute to the war efford Many did move into the factories Victory gardens, recycling, etc. WAAC’s: Women’s Auxillary Army Corp At first women volunteered to serve overseas (not incombat) Freed up soldiers for combat duties

By 1942 Salaries but no benefits Ecentually the “Auxillary” was removed WAC’s Were: Nurses Ambulance Drivers Radio operators Pilots

Minorities in America African Americans 1,000,000 Mexican Americans 300,000 Native Americans 25,000 Chinese Americans 13,000 Japanese Americans 33,000 Some were eager to serve Many were torn…impact of racism and discrimination

War time production The spped at which the U.S. flipped to war time production stunned everyone…even many of us We had to switch from producing consumer goods to war materials From toasters to machine guns

Labor There was a fear that as soldiers went overseas there would not be enough workers to man the factories Women filled part of the void and eventually, so did minority groups

Women Many believed that women were too frail to be welders, riveters…they were wrong Another plus…Women were generally paid only 60% of what men made per hour

Rosie the Riveter

Philip Randall Most respected Black labor leader in America Was President and founder of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Wanted to end discrimination in the workplace, in unions, and in the armed forces

Organized a march on Washington D.C. To demand: the right to work The right to fight He expected 100,000 to join him FDR asked him to cancell the march Was worried about violence

Randall refused to cancell Until… FDR issued an executive order to Employers, Unions, the Military to treat African Americans on an equal basis as Whites The Fair Employment Practices Commission

Hollywood’s Contribution Films, cartoons for propaganda purposes

Donald Duck de nazi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzH1iaKVsBM

Other War Propaganda The office of Public Administration

Federal Agencies to help run the war Office of Scientific Research Penicillin DDT (no body lice!) Radar sonar

Office of Price Administration OPA Instituted Price, wage, rent freezes The Revenue Act Taxes went way up for all but WAY up for the nation’s top earners The Treasury Department sold War Bonds

National War Labor Board Unions COULD negotiate about benefits, health care, sick or vacation days BUT NOT WAGES The Smith-Conally Anti-Strike Act: Strikes were illegal during war

War Production Board Determined the priorities of raw materials: Nylon Metals Gas Rationing: food, coffee, Sugar, shoes

The Manhattan Project The Work on the bomb and its fuel Scientists led by Oppenheimer Security officer: Groves SPIES FDR Truman Einstein