1. USHC 7.2 Evaluate the impact of war mobilization on the home front, including consumer sacrifices, the role of women and minorities in the workforce, and limits on individual rights that resulted in the internment of Japanese Americans.

2. Questions to consider: O How effective was war time mobilization? O To what extent did Americans make the sacrifices necessary to mount a total war effort? O To what extent did all Americans contribute to the war effort?

3. Mobilization of the American Economy O The fighting of World War II required the total mobilization of the American economy, the United States government, and American society on the home front.

4. Mobilization of the American Economy O At the urging of President Roosevelt, private industries converted to war production even before the attack at Pearl Harbor O The goal was to supply the allies through Lend-Lease

5. Managing the Economy O The national government managed the economy by controlling the allocation of scarce resources to businesses O The government also controlled wages and prices

6. Financing the War O War bond drives were held persuade the American public to finance the war O All techniques of modern advertising (print, radio, and film) were used to encourage people to buy bonds

8. OPACS O The Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply (OPACS) within the Office for Emergency Management was created by Executive Order 8734, April 11, 1941. O OPACS rationed goods and controlled prices

9. Rationing O During war, citizens were urged to grow victory gardens and conserve resources O However, “persuasion” was not enough – ration of scarce resources was made mandatory

10. Rationing O Black markets did emerge, but most consumers made sacrifices O Propaganda was used to highlight the Patriotism of rationing and conservation

11. Women on the Home Front O Young male workers were needed on the battlefield O Women and minorities took traditionally male jobs O “Rosie the Riveter” became an icon of the time

12. Women In the War O Women were allowed to serve support roles in the military O Women served in the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) O Radio operators O Secretarial work O Nurses

13. Origins of the Civil Rights Movement A. Philip Randolph, leader of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, threatened to organize a march on Washington unless African Americans were given equal access to wartime jobs FDR issued an executive order to establish the Fair Employment Practices Commission to ensure jobs were open to African American workers

14. Mexican Workers O Mexican workers were also welcomed in areas where farm workers enlisted or were drafted

15. Racial Tensions Threaten Civil Liberties O During the war, African Americans served in segregated units and faced discrimination O Northern African Americans experienced Jim Crow for the first time when training on Southern bases O Their experiences would influence Civil Rights Movement after the war O As these men returned home, they began to push for equal treatment

16. Zoot Suit Riots The riots began in Los Angeles, amidst a period of rising tensions between white American servicemen stationed in Southern California and Los Angeles's Mexican-American community. Although Mexican-American men were active in the military, many white servicemen resented seeing so many Latinos socializing in clothing many considered unpatriotic and extravagant in wartime.

17. Japanese Internment O The U.S. government relocated about 110,000 Japanese Americans and Japanese who lived along the Pacific coast of the United States to camps called "War Relocation Camps,"

18. Korematsu v. U.S. O Did congress and the president overstep their bounds when they ordered the internment of Japanese Americans?