Essential Question What changes did industrialization bring to life in the United States? What changes did industrialization bring to life in the United States?

The Rise of Industry

Natural Resources Water Water Lumber Lumber Coal Coal Iron Iron Copper Copper

Transcontinental Railroad The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 gave money and land for building the railroad The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 gave money and land for building the railroad

Union Pacific Built westward from Omaha, Nebraska Built westward from Omaha, Nebraska

Central Pacific Eastward from California Eastward from California

Promontory Point May 10, 1869 in Utah May 10, 1869 in Utah Gold and silver spikes driven into the rails connecting the two lines Gold and silver spikes driven into the rails connecting the two lines

Quote, Observer The trains pulled up facing each other, each crowded with workmen who sought advantageous positions to witness the ceremonies... The officers and invited guests formed on each side of the rails... Prayer was offered; a number of spikes were driven in the two adjoining rails... Thus the two roads were welded into one great trunk line from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

Transcontinental Railroad

Benefits of National Railroads Built national markets Built national markets United Americans United Americans Standardized four time zones Standardized four time zones

Railroad System,

Large Workforce Between 1860 and 1910, the population almost tripled Between 1860 and 1910, the population almost tripled 20 million immigrants arrived between 1870 and million immigrants arrived between 1870 and 1910

New Inventions Increased productivity Increased productivity Improved transportation and communication Improved transportation and communication

Alexander Graham Bell Telephone Telephone

Thomas Alva Edison Phonograph Phonograph Lightbulb Lightbulb Electric generator Electric generator Battery Battery Dictaphone Dictaphone Motion picture Motion picture

Big Business

Growth of Business Large corporations began to dominate U.S. business Large corporations began to dominate U.S. business Made big business possible Made big business possible

Andrew Carnegie Opened a steel company in 1875 Opened a steel company in 1875 Discovered the Bessemer process for making steel Discovered the Bessemer process for making steel

Iron and Steel Production

Rockefellers Standard Oil Rockefellers Standard Oil Controlled 90 percent of the U.S. oil refining industry Controlled 90 percent of the U.S. oil refining industry A monopoly = when a single company controls the entire market A monopoly = when a single company controls the entire market

Robber Barons

Advertising With increased production comes the need to sell the products With increased production comes the need to sell the products Use of chain stores and catalogs Use of chain stores and catalogs

19 th Century Advertising

Montgomery Ward

Sears Roebuck

Urbanization

Quote, Tenement Dweller With one dollar a day [our mother] fed and clothed an ever-growing family. She took in boarders. Sometimes this helped; at other times it added to the burden of living. Boarders are often out of work and penniless; how could one turn a hungry man out? She made all our clothes. She walked blocks to reach a place where meat was a penny cheaper, where bread was a half cent less. She collected boxes and old wood to burn in the stove.

Immigration

Urban Populations Many immigrants settled in cities and organized neighborhoods Many immigrants settled in cities and organized neighborhoods NYC NYC Detroit Detroit Chicago Chicago

Ellis Island Immigrants were inspected by a doctor looking for diseases or serious health problems Immigrants were inspected by a doctor looking for diseases or serious health problems

Ellis Island

Asian Immigration China suffered severe poverty, unemployment China suffered severe poverty, unemployment Job opportunities in the West (railroads, growing cities) Job opportunities in the West (railroads, growing cities)

Angel Island Used for the arrival of Asian immigrants to CA Used for the arrival of Asian immigrants to CA Mostly young males Mostly young males Time period for acceptance to the US Time period for acceptance to the US

Nativism Desire of native- born people to limit immigration Desire of native- born people to limit immigration Now focused on Asians, Jews, and southern Europeans Now focused on Asians, Jews, and southern Europeans

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Barred Chinese immigration for ten years Barred Chinese immigration for ten years Renewed in 1892 Renewed in 1892

Unions

Labor Unions Industrial workers formed unions to attempt to have better working conditions Industrial workers formed unions to attempt to have better working conditions How did business respond? How did business respond?

Pullman Strike Led by Eugene V. Debs Led by Eugene V. Debs Railroads disrupted Railroads disrupted Pres. Cleveland sent in troops, courts rule against strikers Pres. Cleveland sent in troops, courts rule against strikers

American Federation of Labor Organized 20 trade unions Organized 20 trade unions Led by Samuel Gompers Led by Samuel Gompers Stand for fewer hours, higher wages Stand for fewer hours, higher wages