How deoes air mass affect climate? Alexia Dominguez #3

 Air mass take on the temperature and humidity characteristics of areas in which they originate  temperature is the measure of the average heat or thermal energy of the particles in a substance

air mass  Air mass is a volume of air defined by its temperature and water vapor content.

Air masses movement  The direction and force of the wind can help you determine what weather you will be experiencing.  The way the air moves affect the weather, because wind move heat and cold temperatures from one place to another.

Air mass affecting weather  Air mass can affect the weather because different air masses differ in temperature, density, and moisture contect.

Air mass and solar energy  Atmosphere atenuation of solar radiations is not the same for all wavelengths  consequently passage through the atmosphere not only reduces intensity but also alters the spectral irradiance.

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How does the sun interact with the earth to produce weather and climate? Chelsey moore.PP.2.4.5

Sun impacts weather by…  The sun provides heat, energy and acts as the main engine driving the atmosphere on our planet.  The sun generates temperature variations so that every weather phenomenon available on earth can be traced to the sun.  The sun typically warms up the earth unevenly due to the earths natural tilt at an angle of 23.5 degrees.  Precession is the changes in how the tilt of the axis is oriented in relation to the orbit  The earth’s tilt causes seasons as it explains on the next slide.

When the tilt is less, summers are cooler and winters milder. When the tilt is greater, the seasons are more extreme.

Solar wind  Solar wind could be caused by a solar flare, coronal mass ejection or by a shock wave in the solar wind.  The solar wind is a stream of charged particles (a plasma) released from the upper atmosphere of the Sun.  These particles can escape the Sun's gravity because of their high kinetic energy and the high temperature of the corona.  Other related phenomena include geomagnetic storms that can knock out power grids on Earth, the aurora (northern and southern lights), and the plasma tails of comets that always point away from the Sun.

Geomagneti c storm  Geomagnetic storm is a disturbance in the Earth's magnetic field.  The increase in the solar wind pressure initially compresses the magnetosphere and the solar wind's magnetic field interacts with the Earth’s magnetic field and transfers an increased energy into the magnetosphere.  During the main phase of a geomagnetic storm, electric current in the magnetosphere creates a magnetic force which pushes out the boundary between the magnetosphere and the solar wind.  There are several space weather phenomena which tend to be associated with or are caused by a geomagnetic storm.  These include: Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events,  geomagnetically induced currents (GIC),  ionospheric disturbances which cause radio and radar scintillation,  disruption of navigation by magnetic compass and auroral displays at much lower latitudes than normal.

Sun impacts the climate by…  Our climate is also strongly affected by the amount of solar radiation received at Earth.  That amount changes based on the Earth’s albedo, that is how much radiation is reflected back from the Earth’s surface and clouds.  The only way that climate models can match the observed warming of the atmosphere is with the addition of greenhouse gases.

Green House Effect  The Greenhouse Effect is an atmospheric heating phenomenon, caused by short-wave solar radiation being readily transmitted inward through the earth's atmosphere but longer-wavelength heat radiation less readily transmitted outward.  Earth's climate has increased between 0.6 and 0.9 degrees over the past century.

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Weather Emily Warnick Period 2

How do we predict weather? 

Tada! Weather!  Weather is the state of the atmosphere with respect to wind, temperature, cloudiness, moisture, pressure, etc.

Early meteorol ogy  Babylonians became the first recorded meteorologists in 650 B.C. by studying cloud patterns and astrology.  Meteorologists are scientists who deal with the atmosphere and its phenomena, including weather and climate.

Some weird stuff…  “Weather lore” became popular amongst certain cultures  Omens or signs would show what would happen concerning the weather

Examples of weird stuff!  When the clouds look like black smoke, a wise man will put on his cloak.  Rouge le soir, bel espoir. Rouge le matin, de la pluie en chemin.  When windows won't open, and the salt clogs the shaker, the weather will favor the umbrella maker.

Further along in advances …  In the 20th century, numerical weather prediction came about when people started to understand atmospheric physics.  Numerical weather prediction is a purely computational aspect of meteorology, and permits the comparison of quantifiably measured input with an objectively verifiable product.  More simply put, it uses mathematical models of the atmosphere and oceans to predict the weather based on current weather conditions.

 Remote sensing, which is done through satellites, can collect vital information on the climate.  It is the science of gathering data on an object or area from a considerable distance, as with radar or infrared photography, to observe the earth or a heavenly body.  The second bullet point is the definition. Hint hint.

Just because.