Progress since the February 2005 London DNA Barcode of Life Conference Scott Miller, Chair Consortium for the Barcode of Life Smithsonian Institution

CBOL’s History 2003: First barcoding publications 2003: First barcoding publications 2003: Sloan Fdn supports Banbury workshops 2003: Sloan Fdn supports Banbury workshops 2004: Sloan 2-year inaugural CBOL grant 2004: Sloan 2-year inaugural CBOL grant 2004: Secretariat opens at Smithsonian 2004: Secretariat opens at Smithsonian 2005: International conference London 2005: International conference London 2006: Sloan 2-year renewal grant 2006: Sloan 2-year renewal grant Now an international affiliation of: Now an international affiliation of: Natural history museums, biodiversity organizations Natural history museums, biodiversity organizations Users: e.g., government agencies Users: e.g., government agencies Private sector biotech companies, database providers Private sector biotech companies, database providers

First International Barcode of Life Conference, NHM London 240 participants from 44 countries 240 participants from 44 countries 38 CBOL Member Organizations 38 CBOL Member Organizations Announced plans for All-Fish and All-Birds initiatives Announced plans for All-Fish and All-Birds initiatives 30,000 barcode records in BOLD from ~10,000 species 30,000 barcode records in BOLD from ~10,000 species First evidence of effectiveness of barcoding for identification First evidence of effectiveness of barcoding for identification

Growth of CBOL Executive Committee from 4 continents Executive Committee from 4 continents Scientific Advisory Board from 13 countries Scientific Advisory Board from 13 countries 159 Member Organizations from 50 countries 159 Member Organizations from 50 countries Outreach meetings to Africa, South/Central America, Asia Outreach meetings to Africa, South/Central America, Asia Now 54 Member Organizations from 23 LDCs Now 54 Member Organizations from 23 LDCs Network of 16 “Leading Labs” Network of 16 “Leading Labs” Strong partnerships with GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ, GBIF, EOL Strong partnerships with GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ, GBIF, EOL

CBOL’s Mission: Promoting DNA Barcoding as a Global Standard 1. Developing/raising community standards 2. Barcode projects to populate database 3. Global participation and coordination 4. Acceptance by taxonomic community 5. Coordination with other fields of science 6. Adoption by regulatory agencies 7. Product development by private companies

CBOL Member Organizations: Member organizations, 50 countries 50+ Member organizations from 20+ developing countries

CBOL Structure Member Organizations Executive Committee Working Groups Scientific Advisory Board Secretariat Office

Growth of BOLD, Barcode Data Now ~300,000 BOLD records from 31,000 species Now ~300,000 BOLD records from 31,000 species FISH-BOL has barcoded 14% of species FISH-BOL has barcoded 14% of species ABBI has completed North American birds ABBI has completed North American birds Tephritids and Mosquitos underway Tephritids and Mosquitos underway BARCODE data standards adopted BARCODE data standards adopted Now thousands of fully compliant records Now thousands of fully compliant records

Biodiversity Informatics: Fragmented, Unconnected ?? Type specimens Varied species concepts: - BSC (hard to apply) - Typology - Genetic lineages

DNA Barcodes: A Key Variable for Biodiversity Informatics Authority files of taxonomic names Museum databases of associated data Databases of species occurrences and distribution

Barcode Sequence Voucher Specimen Species Name Specimen Metadata Literature (link to content or citation) BARCODE Records in GenBank Indices - Catalogue of Life - GBIF/ECAT Nomenclators - Zoo Record - IPNI - NameBank Publication links - New species Georeference Habitat Character sets Images Behavior Other genes Trace files Other Databases Phylogenetic Pop’n Genetics Ecological Primers Databases - Provisional sp.

Links to Taxonomic Literature London meeting on electronic access to taxonomic literature, 2005 London meeting on electronic access to taxonomic literature, 2005 Catalyzed Biodiversity Heritage Library Catalyzed Biodiversity Heritage Librarywww.biodiversitylibrary.org Proactive steps with PubMed to add taxonomic journals to online abstracts Proactive steps with PubMed to add taxonomic journals to online abstracts Aggressive negotiation with publishers of barcoding papers Aggressive negotiation with publishers of barcoding papers Involvement in Encyclopedia of Life Involvement in Encyclopedia of Life

Adoption by Regulators International FISH-BOL and fish regulatory agencies FISH-BOL and fish regulatory agencies  CBOL workshop in Taipei, September 2007 FAO and International Plant Protection Convention FAO and International Plant Protection Convention  Proposal for Diagnostic Protocols for fruit flies CITES, National Agencies, Conservation NGOs CITES, National Agencies, Conservation NGOs  International Steering Committee, identifying pilot projects National examples US Federal Aviation Administration – Birds US Federal Aviation Administration – Birds US Environmental Protection Agency – Aquatic insects US Environmental Protection Agency – Aquatic insects US Department of Agriculture – Fruit flies US Department of Agriculture – Fruit flies

Preview of the Third International Barcode Conference (2009) 1 million barcode records 1 million barcode records 100,000 species 100,000 species Identifying unknowns in 30 minutes for less than US$1 Identifying unknowns in 30 minutes for less than US$1 Barcoding is a validated lab procedure Barcoding is a validated lab procedure Port inspectors starting to test unknowns with barcodes in several countries Port inspectors starting to test unknowns with barcodes in several countries Portable sequencing ? Portable sequencing ? Completion of the first local barcode biotic inventory Completion of the first local barcode biotic inventory