1. Eastern Africa Regional Meeting, Nairobi, 18 October 2006 DNA Barcoding and the Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) Status in 2006, Ambitions for 2008 David E. Schindel, Executive Secretary National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution SchindelD@si.eduSchindelD@si.edu; http://www.barcoding.si.eduhttp://www.barcoding.si.edu 202/633-0812; fax 202/633-2938

2. Eastern Africa Regional Meeting, Nairobi, 18 October 2006 Structure of this meeting Wednesday: Information transfer Thursday morning: reflection and discussion Thursday afternoon: –Compile and discuss priorities –Identify opportunities, priority projects –Agree on next steps for networks, Steering Committees, proposal development Post-meeting: CBOL and BioNET will facilitate next steps

3. Eastern Africa Regional Meeting, Nairobi, 18 October 2006 A DNA barcode is a short gene sequence taken from standardized portions of the genome, used to identify species

4. Eastern Africa Regional Meeting, Nairobi, 18 October 2006 Reactions to Barcoding: 2004 From ecologists and other users: “This is what we need! How soon can we get started?” From traditional taxonomists: “Species should be based on lots of characters, not just barcodes” From forward-looking taxonomists: “Using molecular data as species diagnostics isn’t new, but standardization and broad implementation are great!” From barcoding practitioners: “I had my doubts at the beginning, but it really works as a tool for identification (96% accurate in a recent mollusc paper) and it is at least as good as traditional approaches to discovering new species.”

5. Eastern Africa Regional Meeting, Nairobi, 18 October 2006 What DNA Barcoding is NOT Barcoding is not DNA taxonomy; no single gene (or character) is adequate Barcoding does not reconstruct phylogenies; barcode clusters are not phylogenetic trees Barcoding is not just COI; standardizing on one region has benefits and limits Molecules in taxonomy is not new; but large- scale and standardization are new, BUT Barcoding can help to create a 21 st century research environment for taxonomy

6. Eastern Africa Regional Meeting, Nairobi, 18 October 2006 Mission: Promoting DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification History of development –Recent origin, rapid growth Mode of operation as an international initiative –Compromise between bottom-up, democratic (slow) and top-down, centrally-managed (nimble) organization –Distributed activity that seeks global participation –Minimal bureaucracy, highly user-driven –Focused on projects with near- and mid-term results Goal of this meeting: Priorities for Next Steps Consortium for the Barcode of Life: Major Points

7. Eastern Africa Regional Meeting, Nairobi, 18 October 2006 Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) First barcoding publications in 2002 Cold Spring Harbor planning workshops in 2003 Sloan Foundation grant, launch in May 2004 Secretariat opens at Smithsonian, September 2004 First international conference February 2005 Now an international affiliation of: –130+ Members Org’s, 40 countries, 6 continents –Natural history museums, biodiversity organizations –Users: e.g., government agencies –Private sector biotech companies, database providers

8. Eastern Africa Regional Meeting, Nairobi, 18 October 2006 CBOL Structure Member Organizations Executive Committee Working Groups Scientific Advisory Board Secretariat Office

9. Eastern Africa Regional Meeting, Nairobi, 18 October 2006 CBOL Member Organizations: 2006 130+ Member organizations, 40 countries 30+ Member organizations from 20 developing countries

10. Eastern Africa Regional Meeting, Nairobi, 18 October 2006 CBOL Member Organizations: 2008 Engaging collections, researchers and users Expand membership to 200 organizations Double participation in developing countries Four regional meetings in 2006/2007 to expand awareness, assess needs, start networks in: –Southern and eastern Africa –South America –Southern Asia Working with BioNET, development agencies Second International Barcode Conference, Singapore, June 2007

11. Eastern Africa Regional Meeting, Nairobi, 18 October 2006 Goals of Regional Meetings Raise awareness Explore potential applications in the region Assess greatest needs and opportunities in the region Identify highest priorities, construct national and regional action plans Start intra-regional networks and intercontinental partnerships

12. Eastern Africa Regional Meeting, Nairobi, 18 October 2006 Possible Follow-On Activities In-country training Research training fellowships Infrastructure improvement: –Lab equipment acquisition –Collections –Information technology Other forms of capacity-building identified during regional meetings

13. Eastern Africa Regional Meeting, Nairobi, 18 October 2006 Current and Planned Projects Four Working Groups FishBOL and All Birds Initiatives International Network for Barcoding Invasive and Pest Species (INBIPS) Forming a Conservation Committee Developing “Demonstrator Systems: by 2008: –Tephritid fruit flies (agricultural pests) –Mosquitoes (disease vectors) African Scale Insect Barcoding Initiative (planned at Cape Town Regional Meeting)

14. Eastern Africa Regional Meeting, Nairobi, 18 October 2006 ABBI and FISH-BOL Global initiatives to create reference library Enable users to adopt barcode ID systems All-species barcode database will: –Strengthen specimen/species data –Improve collections, tissue/DNA resources –Attract users to barcoding for specimen IDs Regional Working Groups Small Steering Committee and CBOL

15. Eastern Africa Regional Meeting, Nairobi, 18 October 2006 CBOL’s Working Groups Database: Designing/constructing the Barcode Section of GenBank DNA: Protocols for formalin-fixed and old museum specimens; advice to new labs Data Analysis: Beyond phenetic methods; population genetics perspective Plants: Identify gene region(s) for barcoding