Motivation and Emotion

Motivational Theories  Motivation: Goal directed behavior Should I get off the couch and do my homework?

Homeostasis  State of equilibrium or stability Your body temperature

Drive Theory  An internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that should reduce this tension ( Push ) Internal Tensions – a disruption of preferred equilibrium I’m HUNGRY!!!!

Drive Reduction  Motivations to reduce drive Drive: I’m Hungry!!! Drive Reduction: Eat

Incentive  An external goal that has the capacity to motivate behavior $, grades, friends, love, and many more

Biological Social Hunger Thirst Sex Body Temperature Excreting Sleep Activity Aggression Achievement Affiliation Autonomy Nurturing Dominance Exhibition Order Play

Hunger - Biological  Brain – Hypothalamus  Lateral – on switch  Ventromedial Nucleus – off switch  Arcuate Nucleus – may do both  Digestion – food converted into glucose  Hormonal Regulation – Insulin, Leptin

Discuss these topics  Environmental Factors in Hunger  Obesity  Sexual Motivation: Gender Differences  Sexual Orientation

Environment & Hunger  Food Availability & Cues - Palatability: Taste - Quantity - Variety - Presence of others

Environment & Hunger  Learned Preferences - Different cultures - Innate: sweets & high fat foods - Observation: Children

Obesity  33% of Americans  Evolutionary Perspective: Ancients need food  Genetic: Adoption Studies  Food & Exercise

Obesity Debate  Judith Rodin ( 1981 )  Sights, Sounds, Smells can elicit insulin secretions = Hunger  Not all over weight people sensitive to external cues

Obesity Debate  Externality Hypothesis – Stanley Schacter ( 1968 ) - Obese are over sensitive to external cues and insensitive to internal physiological cues

OBESE DEBATE  Herman & Polivy ( 2008 ) - Normative Cues: socially appropriate - Sensory Cues: Characteristics of the food. ( Obese )

Obese Debate  Set Point Dieters regain / People who try to gain will lose - Keesey, 1993

Gender & Sex  Parental Investment  Men want more partners and younger woman as they age  Women more cautious