Textbook: Biology11 Chapter 4 Genetics Textbook: Biology11 Chapter 4

Heredity

Gregor Mendel Austrian monk (1822-1884) Worked with pea plant Readily distinguishable characteristics Short generation time Easy to control pollination

Reproductive structures of flowers                                                                    http://anthro.palomar.edu/mendel/mendel_1.htm transfer pollen from pollen parent to seed parent

http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio111/genetics.htm

http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/mendel/heredity.htm

Monohybrid Cross (p.3 and 132-137) Tall x Small (homozygous)

http://www.geneticfutures.com/thegift/info/sheet1.asp

The 3 Mendel’s laws (p.2) Mendel's first law (also called the law of segregation) states that during the formation of gametes (reproductive cells), pairs of allele for a specific trait separate so that offspring receive one factor from each parent.

Mendel’s second law (p.6) Mendel's second law (also called the law of independent assortment) states that the distribution of alleles for one trait that occurs during the formation of gametes (meiosis) does not affect the distribution of alleles for other traits.

Mendel’s third law Mendel's third law (also called the law of dominance) states that one of the genes for a pair of inherited traits will be dominant and the other recessive, unless both factors are recessive.

Practice makes perfect Bio 11 p. 137 #1 And genetics worksheet 1

Test Cross: To determine the genotype of a dominant phenotype (p.4)

Practice makes perfect Do genetics worksheet 2 And p. 137-138 # 2 & 4 And p. 140 #5

Dihybrid Cross And now, the fun part, the F2 generation

Dihybrid cross (answers for p.5 of booklet) http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/mendel/heredity.htm

Practice makes perfect Do genetics worksheet 3 Lab: Genetics of Corn Lab: Virtual Fruit Fly

Multiple alleles (p.6) More than 2 alleles Ex: eye colour of fruit flies wild type(red) > apricot > honey > white Phenotype genotype wild type ___ apricot ___ honey ___ white ___

Multiple alleles (p.6) Exercice E1E4 x E2E3 (red x apricot)

Incomplete dominance (p.7, 144-145) Ex: Colour of snapdragons’ flowers Red x White CRCR x CWCW (do Punnett square) Ratio F2?

Co-dominance (p.9) Another form of incomplete dominance. Ex: red, white, roan cow, ABO blood groups Alleles: IA, IA, i Group A: antigen ___ : ____ or ____ Group B: antigen ___ : ____ or ____ Group AB: antigen ___ : ____ Group O: antigen ___ : ____

Co-dominance: try this Mother is A Baby is AB Man is O Man is B Who is the father? Show your answer by drawing the 2 possible Punnett Squares.

Practice makes perfect Do Genetics worksheet 4 Bio 11 p. 145 # 1 & 4.

Lethal genes (p. 9) Read and do Polygenic Inheritance

Polygenic Inheritance (p.9) Characteristic controlled by several pairs of genes which are independent of each other, often on different chromosomes eg. Eye color, skin color, height Shows continuous variation

Polygenic inheritance AB Ab aB ab AABB AABb AaBB AaBb AAbb Aabb aaBB aaBb aabb

Polygenic inheritance Let’s do bottom of p. 9 together

Polygenic Inheritance with complimentary interaction (p.10) Pea comb = rrP_ Rose comb = R_pp Walnut comb = R_P_ Single comb = rrpp Let’s do p. 10 together

More practice Genetics worksheet 5

Linkage