1 Chris Rorden, Director Randy Engle, Elliott Albers, Chris Rorden, Robin Morris Center for Advanced Brain Imaging

2 Tech drives science Technical advances allow scientific advances

3 A recent revolution

4 How it works Strong magnetic field (x60,000 earth’s field) –Hydrogen atoms align to magnetic field Transmit radio signal –Flip protons out of alignment Nuclei realign –Emit radio signals No X-ray radiation –Easy to recruit healthy volunteers –Can scan an individual for a long time..., creating –High resolution images

5 Versatility Injury Anatomy Angiogram Activity Tractography Fieldmap

6 functional MRI Brain activity influences blood oxygenation. We can determine regions involved with different functions. Unlock mysteries of the mind. Keilholz et al.

7 Brain reading Brain scans can detect American Sign Language. –Even if you don’t move your hands. Potential: Direct brain interfaces –Locked in patients, hands-free devices. ChairChair>BedImagine Cold > HotStarner et al.

8 Understanding brain injury Neglect common consequence of stroke. Individuals ignore items on left side. Imaging reveals superior temporal gyrus crucial. MRI predicts symptoms, prognosis, treatment. Karnath et al.

9 Epilepsy control Uncontrolled seizures lead to cognitive disability. –Medication only helps 50%. –If medications fail, surgically remove seizure origin. –Only 50% of surgeries halt seizures. Imaging suggests successful surgeries include entorhinal cortex. Bonilha et al.

10 Assistive Technologies ‘Aware’ chair –Brain controlled via electric or optical signals. –Can help disabled. –Also, can be operated remotely, e.g. bomb squad –Brain imaging refines our algorithms. Jackson Moore

11 Brain Stimulation fMRI observes brain function. tDCS/TMS stimulate function. Example: naming deficits in stroke –10 individuals with permanent brain injury. –Chronic:>6 months since injury. –fMRI guides brain stimulation. –Brain stimulation applied during computerized training therapy. –Relative to sham, tDCS improved naming on trained and unnamed items. –Effects small but statistically reliable. Baker et al.

12 Computer science Brain imaging very computationally intensive. –3D images of the brain collected every 2sec. –Some of my analyses have required 7 days to analyze. CPU 70 GFlops double precision (Core i7) –We are using graphics cards to accelerate processing. GPU 345 GFlops double precision (Tesla S1070) Kim & Dasgupta

13 The Tech advantage Research dedicated center –Empowers users: involved in every stage. –Intrinsically interdisciplinary: chemistry, cognitive science, computer science, physics, physiology, psychology, medicine. –Center has hot swappable desks for all disciplines: share ideas and discoveries. –State of the art equipment.