1.  1. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on their __________.  2. True or false, larger DNA fragments move faster because the larger pieces can fall faster.  3. What is a proper title for the graph?  4. What type of correlation is shown?  5. Predict the percentage at day 12. 2/5 Daily Catalyst Pg. 14 MRI

2. Seating Chart

3.  Scientific Discovery Unit #2 test  Friday, Feb. 6 th  Class points by Thursday 100 points  Friday, after test we will watch Walle  Interims on Friday  Extra credit  Ecology Unit #3  Next Monday 2/5 Class Business Pg. 14 MRI

4.  Daily Catalyst  Class Business  Gel Electrophoresis work time  MRI notes  Writing in Science  Review for test 2/5 Agenda Pg. 14 MRI

5.  Directions: With your partner, complete the gel electrophoresis packet. This packet is due TODAY. When you finish, study for the unit test tomorrow with your partner.  Time: 15 minutes  Noise: 1 (with partner) Gel Electrophoresis

6.  Cite examples of scientific advances and emerging technologies and how they affect society (e.g. MRI, DNA in forensics). 2/5 Objective

7.  In order to solve the grand challenge and assess MRI safety issues, we must learn how the MRI machine works. We can then combine this knowledge with our knowledge of magnetic fields to determine safety issues with the MRI. Safety engineers are always looking for points of weakness in order to eliminate any potential safety hazards. Why are we learning about this?

8.  Key Point #1: MRI  Magnetic Resonance Image  A noninvasive imaging technique Note time

9.  Key Point #2:  No radiation is used.  magnetic fields and radio waves are used to scan the body What’s the difference between x-ray and MRI’s?

10.  MRI is helpful for looking at a person's eyes, ears, heart, and circulation system. It also helps doctors see inside joints, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons.  MRI lets doctors detect problems in the brain, spinal cord, skeleton, chest, lungs, abdomen, pelvis, wrists, hands, ankles, and feet.  It helps doctors identify infections and conditions that cause swelling inside the body.  It allows doctors to see when there isn't a problem inside the body — like a tumor, for example. Doctors call this "ruling out" a condition. MRI

11.  Fasting is not required, but removing all metal items is.  Key Point #3: No metal items may be worn due to the strong magnetic field.  Last 20-90 minutes depending on the need of each patient.  A radiologist will read your scans and discuss with your doctor your results. Preparing for a MRI

12.  Overall, MRI’s are safe and effective. With all procedures, there are potential hazards. One potential effect is the tearing of tissues due to the strong magnetic field. Side Effects

13.  Most of the human body is made up of water molecules, which consist of hydrogen and oxygen atoms.  Key Point #4: ~70% of body is made of water (H 2 O)  At the center of each hydrogen atom there is an even smaller particle called a proton.  Every hydrogen has a proton in the center  Protons are + charge  Protons are like tiny magnets and are very sensitive to magnetic fields. How MRI works

15.  When you lie under the powerful scanner magnets,  Key Point #5: the protons in your body line up in the same direction, in the same way that a magnet can pull the needle of a compass.  Short bursts of radio waves are then sent to certain areas of the body, knocking the protons out of alignment. When the radio waves are turned off, the protons realign and in doing so send out radio signals, which are picked up by receivers.  Key Point #6: Radio waves knock the protons out of order. When the radio waves turn off, the protons realign and send a message. How MRI works

16.  These signals provide information about the exact location of the protons in the body. They also help to distinguish between the various types of tissue in the body, because the protons in different types of tissue realign at different speeds and produce distinct signals.  In the same way that millions of pixels on a computer screen can create complex pictures, the signals from the millions of protons in the body are combined to create a detailed image of the inside of the body.  Key Point #7: the protons combine to create images of the body. How MRI works

17.  http://kidshealth.org/teen/cancer_center/diagnostic_t ests/mri.html# http://kidshealth.org/teen/cancer_center/diagnostic_t ests/mri.html# How MRI works

18.  Discuss the steps to the design process. Be sure to know these steps! Refer back to quiz #3 for reference! Review for Test

19. Partner 1  DNA  When was DNA discovered?  What is DNA’s structure?  List the parts of DNA.  Who discovered DNA?  What is the purpose of DNA?  Where is DNA stored? Partner 2  Gel Electrophoresis  How is it used?  How is DNA separated?  What is DNA’s charge?  What type of molecules move?

20. Review for Test Partner 1  DNA Extraction  Define extraction:  What is the purpose of the soap and the meat tenderizer?  Define lyse and emulsify.  Where is DNA released from? Partner 2  MRI  Define MRI:  What is the body made up of?  What aligns in an MRI?  Does MRI use radiation?  What creates images?