Indigenous Research Methodologies and International Research Collaborations Mera Penehira Senior Researcher, Mauri Tu Mauri Ora PhD Candidate, University of Waikato, Aotearoa

Why Protocols? What’s the problem? What’s the point? Who benefits?

The Aotearoa Experience Tribal difference Colonized and decolonized Academic Ethics Tribal Ethics

Benefits and Risks Indigenous Comparatives Statistically and Qualitatively Robust Learning Multi-lingual findings

Benefits and Risks Diversity Missing Incubation Trust Re-colonizing

Developing International Indigenous Research Methodologies What are the critical factors for self- determining research processes and outcomes? What are the historical and contemporary research contexts that need to be accounted for? What are the specific diversities that must be honored and protected? What are the common elements of indigenously correct research?

Establishing Rationale and the Indigenous Research Context Why are indigenous research protocols important to you and your research team? What difference will indigenous protocols make to you, to the research and to the research participants? Is it important to have shared indigenous protocols in an international indigenous research collaboration? Why? Why not?

Protocols and Principles for Inclusion What are the top three things to be covered in the development of shared indigenous protocols for this project? What, if any, are the key underlying principles that should guide the shared indigenous protocols for this project? Is language translation of the shared indigenous protocols a necessary part of this development? Why? Why not?

Research Outcomes Do you see indigenous self=determination as a key goal of indigenous research? In what way might indigenous protocols contribute to the self-determination of indigenous peoples? What does being a self determining indigenous person mean to you?

Initial Findings Maintain and sustain languages Knowing your collaborators Political positioning and analysis The 3 R’s Ethical privilege ‘Outsider’ privilege

Summary Indigenous peoples have much to gain from international collaborations and potentially as much to be cautious about in this research journey It is critical to consider and protect the unique identity of all indigenous collaborators in the conglomerate of international research opportunities Awareness, action and protection give the greatest likelihood of achieving self- determination

Acknowledgements Nga Pae o te Maramatanga Health Research Council - Aotearoa University of Waikato - Office of the Pro-Vice Chancellor Maori International Collaborative Indigenous Health Research Partnerships Dr Clive Aspin, Dr Leonie Pihama, Professor Linda Tuhiwai Smith, Alison Green, Anthony Barrett.