Respiratory Disorders Asthma Chronic Bronchitis Emphysema

Respiratory Disorders Asthma COPD - a general heading –Chronic bronchitis –Emphysema In asthma and COPD, air flow is obstructed –Gas exchange compromised –Heart must work harder to deliver oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from body’s tissues

Respiratory Disorders: Incidence Asthma: –21.3 million diagnosed adults in 2004 (8.9 million children) –3,780 deaths in 2004 COPD: –Approximately ten million diagnosed in 2004 –123,884 deaths –Up to 90% due to smoking –Other: dust, occupational hazards, pollution, genetic conditions

Respiratory Anatomy Main structures Illustration (ALA)Illustration

Asthma Spasm in airway, resulting in reduced ability to exchange airSpasm –Normal vs inflammed bronchioleNormal vs inflammed bronchiole Triggers –Smoke –Perfumes, other strong odors –Allergens –Cold air –Exercise Video

Chronic Bronchitis Inflammation in bronchioles Different from bacterial infection –Ongoing, so long-term health effects Usually caused by smoking Cells lining respiratory tract are damaged –Cilia attached to cells function to sweep mucous and debris out of airwaysCilia Over time, air exchange problems can enlarge heart Video (about.com)Video

Emphysema Alveoli damaged –Since air exchange occurs in alveoli, body does not receive adequate oxygen –Illustration (Lung Assn Canada)Illustration –Normal alveoli photo (kuma.us)Normal alveoli –Alveoli affected by emphysema photo (kuma.us)Alveoli affected by emphysema –Barrel chest (illustration and photo)illustration photo After50health.com, pathguy.com