NANOTECHNOLOGY Hyo Be Park 12C Chemistry Option C-7

Objective C.7.1 Define the term nanotechnology. “Nanotechnology involves research and technology development at the 1 nm - to nm range. Nanotechnology creates and uses structures that have novel properties because of their small size. Nanotechnology builds on the ability to control or manipulate at the atomic scale.” Booker, R and Boysen, E Nanotechnology for dummies, Wiley Publishing Inc, USA. P 10

Objective C.7.1 Define the term nanotechnology. 2 main approaches in nanotechnology * Bottom-up building materials/devices from individual atoms, molecules or components * Top-down constructing nano-objects from larger entities IB Chemistry Textbook page 113

Objective C.7.2 Distinguish between physical and chemical techniques in manipulating atoms to form molecules. Physical Allows atoms to be manipulated and positioned in specific requirement Meticulous industrial technology are required for this technique Chemical Use chemical reaction to form a specific type of bonding in desired molecules and structures.

Objective C.7.2 Distinguish between physical and chemical techniques in manipulating atoms to form molecules. Physical Often used in constructing delicate mechanical devices such as computer or mobile phones (industrial purposes) Chemical Often used in DNA nanotechnology where specific base- pairing due to hydrogen bonding can be utilized (biological / researching purposes)

Objective C.7.3 Describe the structure and properties of carbon nanotubes Hexagonal ring structure with Pentagon at each end of the tube to ‘close’ Composed of only carbon atoms Diameter of few nanometer Basic building block – Buckminsterfullerene (*allotrope of carbon) [60 carbons] – pg 22

Objective C.7.3 Describe the structure and properties of carbon nanotubes Single or Multi walled with *concentric nanotubes

Objective C.7.3 Describe the structure and properties of carbon nanotubes Nanotube VS Graphite High tensile strength Strong covalent bond Soft Malleable

Objective C.7.3 Describe the structure and properties of carbon nanotubes QUANTUM EFFECT Material properties changing dramatically at the nanoscale (below ~100nm) New properties that can be shown: - electrical conductivity - elasticity - greater strength - different colour - greater reactivity - etc.

Objective C.7.3 Describe the structure and properties of carbon nanotubes Bulk vs Size-Dependent Properties Micro-scale Objects Widely used, however the properties are equal to bulk material Nano-scale Objects Fundamental properties of materials depend on their size, shape, and composition in a way they don’t at other scale.

C.7.4 Discuss some of the implications of nanotechnology GENERAL ADVANTAGE Produce using little labour, land, or maintenance High productivity Low cost Modest requirement for materials

C.7.4 Discuss some of the implications of nanotechnology AVAILABLE / POSSIBLE APPLICATION Computer (Technological) Medical Space Military Energy

CHALLENGES –Toxicity testing –Environmental impact –Issuing patents –Education C.7.4 Discuss some of the implications of nanotechnology

Health / Environmental Issue –Nanoparticles entering the body –Possible negative affects –Nanoparticles accumulation in plants/river Ethical / Social Issue –Powerful Weapons (War) - Racism –Industrial (less demand manufacturing jobs) (nanotechnology worker ~2 million) C.7.4 Discuss some of the implications of nanotechnology

Worst Scenario – GREY GOO

nderstanding_the_‘Quantum_Effects’ nderstanding_the_‘Quantum_Effects nanotechnology-safety-nano-particles-small- science-nanotechnologysafety-technology-ppt- powerpoint/ nanotechnology-safety-nano-particles-small- science-nanotechnologysafety-technology-ppt- powerpoint/ nanotechnology-environmental-impact-nano- particles-small-science-technology-ppt-powerpoint/ nanotechnology-environmental-impact-nano- particles-small-science-technology-ppt-powerpoint/ nanotechnology-nano-technology-robots- education-ppt-powerpoint/ nanotechnology-nano-technology-robots- education-ppt-powerpoint/ BIBLIOGRAPHY