1. Nanotechnology
Group
Group 2

2. Nanotechnology….?
Nanotechnology is engineering at the molecular (groups of atoms) level
It is the collective term for a range of technologies, techniques and processes that involve the manipulation of matter at the smallest scale (from 1 to 100 nm2)
With 15,342 atoms, this parallel-shaft speed reducer gear is one of the largest nanomechanical devices ever modeled

3. Nanotechnology: Size and Scale
Atoms
Plant and Animal Cells
Most Bacteria
Virus
Proteins
Lysozyme
Carbon
Nano-tubes
Transistor
0.18µm
100µm
Human Hair
75 µm
10µm
1µm
Feature Size
100nm
Nanotechnology
10nm
1nm
0.1nm
Cooper, 2001

4. History of nanotechnology
Norio Taniguchi introduced the term
‘nanotechnology’
In 1959 Richrad Feynman
presented ideas for creating
Nano scale machines
1980s, development in this field was greatly enhanced with advances in electron microscopy

5. Approaches in nanotechnology
Top-down Approach
Bottom-up Approach
Creating Nano-scale materials by physically or chemically breaking down larger materials
Assembling Nano materials atom-by-atom or molecule-by molecule (self assembling)

6. Aspects of nanotechnology
Three distinct aspects
Direct
Application of novel, Nano engineered artifacts
Ex : Electronic & photonic circuits
Indirect
Progressive miniaturization of existing technologies
Ex : Nano bots, cosmetics
Conceptual
All materials & processes are considered from a molecular viewpoint
Ex : Universal manufacturing model

7. Nano materials
Nano powders - building blocks of nano materials (particles less than 100 nm in size)
The scale of
nanopowders
Nanoparticles of gold for
new catalysts
Porous metallic ‘nanocubes’
store large amounts of H2

8. Carbon nanotubes Nano membrane filtration systems
(sensors, fuel cells, computers and televisions)
Nano membrane
filtration systems
(safe, clean, affordable water)

9. Molecular electronic ‘cross bar latches’ (tiny Nano devices)
Quantum dots and
artificial atoms
(small devices that contain a tiny droplet of free electrons)

10. Nanotechnology applications
Medicine
Ex. Nano biotechnology
Energy
ex. Renewable energy
Electronics and information technologies

11. Chemistry and Environment
Consumer goods
Military and security
applications

12. Stages of Nanotechnology
Agrifood applicatinos currently in
passive to early “active” stage
Passive
Nanostructures
Coatings, polymers,ceramics
Active
Nanostructures
Transistors
Targeted drugs
Adaptive structures
Systems of
Nanosystems
Robotics
3D networks
Guided assemblers
Molecular
Nanosystems
Molecules by design
Evolutionary systems

13. Nanotechnology in Agriculture
Animal or Plant Health
Ex: Detect pathogens
Plant production
Ex: Delivery of DNA to plants
Animal Production
Ex: Nano tube sensors to detect hormone level changes

14. Convergence Nano-Geo-(Bio)-Info technology
Agrochemical
Ex: Nanoparticles in pesticides
In food industry
Sensing
Ex: Detect chemicals or food borne pathogen
Convergence Nano-Geo-(Bio)-Info technology
Packaging
Ex: Prevent or respond to spoilage
Safety

15. Nanotechnology in SL; At a glance……
Sri Lanka’s National Nanotechnology Initiative (SLNNI)
2008  Establishment of
NANCO (Pvt) Ltd
Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (Pvt) Ltd. (SLINTEC)
Merger of NANCO (Pvt) Ltd. and SLINTEC (Pvt) Ltd.
Establishment of
A world class Nanotechnology Laboratory
Establishment of a Nanoscience Park

16. Health and environmental impacts
Health risks
Medical application of nanoparticles
ex: enhance drug delivery
Some nanoparticles —freely mobile
Negative health and environmental impacts

17. From today to tomorrow…..
USA - Highest investor & patent holder
In 2004 US$ 4 billion worldwide
11 percent of jobs globally
From today to tomorrow…..
By US$ 3.1 trillion
Leading countries Japan, Western Europe
Source: Lux Research 2008

18. References……..
Chen et al.,2007. Manufacturing at the Nanoscale. National Nanotechnology Initiative Workshop Report. Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology. National Science Foundation. Retrieved March 3, 2012, from
Hood, E Nanotechnology : Looking as we leap. Environment Health Perspect. Retrieved March 3, 2012 from

19. National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Nanotechnology for Food and Agriculture Industry. Retrieved March 5, 2012 from
Interfaculty Environmental Science Department (IVAM) of the University of Amsterdam, Special report 3/30, Buying the nano-market. Retrived March , from