Specific social problems and related programs

Childhood Maltreatment: Scope How many children are victims of maltreatment? In 2005, the CDC estimated that there were approximately 900,000 children were victims of substantiated or indicated child abuse and neglect. How many children die each year from child abuse? Based on data reported by CPS agencies in 2005, it is estimated that nationwide, 1,500 children died as a result of abuse or neglect.

Child victims of abuse… Are at risk for the development of a number of psychological disorders (e.g., PTSD, Substance Abuse, Major Depressive Disorder, Eating Disorders). May experience severe head trauma and related physical impairments (visual, motor, and cognitive). Are more likely to engage in abusive behaviors themselves or to be victims of other forms of abuse as adults.

Childhood Maltreatment: Causes See handout (need to know). Parental substance abuse. Sense of community/ neighborhood cohesiveness.

Childhood Maltreatment: Programs The Prenatal/Early Infancy Project (Olds et al., 1998)—NOW = Nurse-Family Partnership General description: Three components of the intervention: Results: -Time-Moms/Stories-from-moms/Video-- Shakeena -Time-Moms/Stories-from-moms/Video-- Shakeena -Time-Moms/Stories-from-moms/Video-- Stephanie -Time-Moms/Stories-from-moms/Video-- Stephanie When I was pregnant, I felt I didn't have anybody to lean on. I was so lucky to have a nurse like her." – Shanice, 17- year-old first-time mom

Adolescent: Teen Pregnancy and Early Sexual Activity. Scope. There was some evidence for decline, but appears to be on the rise again (National Center for Health Statistics, 2007). Is found that sexual activity of U.S. teens not higher than in other countries, but use birth control less frequently and effectively.

Teen moms… Have children with lower birth weights and higher mortality rates. Have higher drop-out rates from high school. Are more likely to fall below the poverty line.

Adolescent: Teen Pregnancy and Early Sexual Activity (cont.) Campaign for Our Children. A mass media campaign targeted toward children 9 to 14 to promote abstinence. Results:

Adolescent: Teen Pregnancy and Early Sexual Activity (cont.) The Carerra program. Seven components: educational support, a career awareness job club, lifetime sports, creative expression, comprehensive medical and dental services, mental health services, and family life/sex education (The Children’s Aide Society, 2008) Results: Pregnancy. Other benefits.

Adolescent: Teen Pregnancy and Early Sexual Activity (cont.) General Findings from the literature. Fear appeals may actually increase the targeted, undesirable behavior. Kim Witte’s Extended Parallel Process Model. A meta-analysis of 32 teen pregnancy prevention programs.

Elderly: Loneliness and low perceived control Review this section in your Mortisugu, Wong, & Duffy text.

Homelessness Scope. Problems estimating.

Homelessness Who and how many? 3.5 women, men, and children (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2007).

Homelessness Who and how many? 3.5 women, men, and children (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2007). 38% report problems with substance abuse. 16% have a diagnosable mental illness. 40% are children. 23% are families. 50% of homeless women and children are victims of domestic violence.

Homelessness Subtypes based on stressful life experiences Zugzaga, 2004 and Munoz et al., 2005 studies = 3 subtypes. PTSD (Kim & Ford, 2006).

Homelessness Causes Individual = Systemic =