THE CELL The cell is the basic unit of living things.

Living things are different than nonliving things. What makes a living thing different from a nonliving thing? Characteristics of living things (organisms) 1.Organization 2.Ability to develop and grow 3.Ability to respond to the enviornment 4.Ability to reproduce

All living things are made up of cells. The cell is the smallest unit that performs the activities of life. Multicellular organisms have different types of cells working together. In a unicellular organism, a single cell carries out all the activities of life. Unicellular – made up of a single cell Multicellular – made up of many cells

Microscopes Microscope—an instrument which makes an object appear bigger than it is How did the invention of the microscope change the study of biology? Why were cells not discovered before the microscope was invented? There are 2 types of microscopes »Light microscope »Electron microscope

CELL THEORY Every living thing is made up of one or more cells. Cells carry out the functions needed to support life. Cells come only from other living cells

What is a scientific theory? A scientific theory is a widely accepted explanation of things observed in nature. –What are some examples of scientific theories? Characteristics of a scientific theory –Must be supported by evidence, including experimental evidence and observations. –It proves its value when it explains new discoveries and observations.

Science Guys Anton van Leeuwenhoek –Invented the microscope Robert Hooke –Named the cell –Cell Theory Louis Pasteur –Bacteria & Spontaneous Generation

Bacteria & Spontaneous Generation bacteria—tiny, single-celled organisms that sour milk spontaneous generation—the theory that bacteria grew from nonliving materials Pasteur conducted a series of experiments that disproved spontaneous generation theory. (broth in a sealed flask & broken flask)

Cell Functions Prokaryotes – DO NOT have a nucleus Bacteria (Monera) Archaea –Examples Rhinovirus Streptococcus Eukaryotes – DO have a nucleus Eukarya (protista, fungi, plant, animal) –Examples Paramecium Amoeba YOU »A domain is a broad category of living things based on characteristics of their cells.

Specialization Specific cells perform specific functions. This is why a single cell from a multicellular organism can not survive on its own! So, what does it mean to be specialized?

A multicellular organism is a community of cells. Cells work together to keep the organism alive. –Some communities are small. (sponges) –Other communities are big. (elephants) Which type of community (large or small) do you think has to have higher specialization in its cells?

BellRinger Review Questions 1.Name 4 characteristics of living things. 2.How did the microscope change human understanding of life? 3.Explain the 3 concepts that make up the cell theory. 4.Relate the characteristics of a scientific theory to the cell theory. 5.Draw a Venn diagram to compare and contrast multicellular and unicellular organisms. 6.Explain how Pasteur’s experiment supported the cell theory and disproved the theory of spontaneous generation. In his experiment, bacteria did not grow spontaneously. They came from the environment, which indicates that cells come from other living cells.

ORGANIZATION cell  tissue  organ  organ system  organism Cell—the basic unit of life. Tissue—a group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific job. –Heart tissue Organ—different tissues working together to perform a particular function. –Heart Organ system– a group of organs Circulatory System (blood, heart, blood vessels) ORGANISM—The highest level of organization

Scientific Models They simplify scientific concepts. AKA: They make something that’s really complicated a WHOLE LOT easier to understand.

Thursday September 26, 2013 You need: notebook, food label BellRinger: Come in and sit down quietly. Get your food label out Objective: Students will REMEMBER how cells function using chemical reactions and DEMONSTRATE their knowledge via a retest.

iPad – Cell Organelles Vocab Flashcard Activity Define the following words on your index card. Write the organelle on one side, and the function(s) on the other side. 1.Chromosomes 2.Nucleus (include that the nuclear membrane surrounds the nucleus & nucleolus) 3.Cytoplasm 4.Chloroplasts 5.Endoplasmic Reticulum 6.Golgi body (apparatus) 7.Mitochondria 8.Ribosomes 9.Vacuoles 10.Cell Wall 11.Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)

Add to #16 Review Questions 1.What are the 3 domains, and what type of cells do the organisms in each domain have? 2.Define specialization in your own words. 3.Describe the levels of organization in a tree. 4.In what way does a specialized cell in a multicellular organism differ from the cell of a unicellular organism? 5.How is a model similar to the real object it represents? How is it different? 6.What domain does the organism belong to, and what do the internal structures tell you about it? (Look in your book.)

After your retest… #18 : p.C35 (#1-27) Try to finish this during class. Your TGIF quiz tomorrow will be over the following things: –Cell Theory –Characteristics of Living Things –4 Large Molecules in Living Things (flipchart)