Circulatory Disorders

Coronary Artery Disease Plaque buildup in coronary arteries. Prevents the heart from receiving oxygen-rich blood. Causes/Risk Factors: –Smoking and alcoholism. –High blood pressure. –High blood cholesterol. –Stress. –Diabetes. –Obesity. –Lack of physical activity. –Age, gender, and family history.

Symptoms Shortness of breath. Angina: –Pain or pressure in chest, shoulders, arm, neck, jaw or back. –Parts of heart muscle not receiving enough O 2, so muscle strain causes pain.

Symptoms Some may not experience any symptoms until they suffer from a heart attack, heart failure or arrhythmia. WATCH THIS!!!

Diagnosis Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG). Echocardiogram. Chest X-ray. Blood tests.

Treatment Angioplasty. Coronary artery bypass surgery. Medicines. –To ↓ blood pressure, blood cholesterol, etc. Lifestyle changes. –Quit smoking and ↓ alcohol consumption. –↑ physical activity and focus on healthy diet. WATCH THIS!!!

Leukemia Bone marrow cancer leads to abnormal WBC production in overabundance. Abnormal functioning of WBCs prevents them from dying. Overcrowding of bone marrow to where it is unable to manufacture other blood cells (RBCs, platetlets). Causes/Risk Factors: –Radiation & chemotherapy. –Benzene. –Smoking.

Symptoms Swollen, pain-free lymph nodes. Bleeding and bruising easily. Fevers and night sweats. Frequent infections. Fatigue. Unexplained weight loss.

Diagnosis Physical exam. –Swollen lymph nodes, spleen or liver. Blood test. –High WBC and/or low platelets and hemoglobin. Bone marrow biopsy.

Treatment Dependant on type of leukemia, age, and health. –Bone marrow transplant. –Chemotherapy. –Radiation therapy. –Stem cell transplant WATCH THIS!!!

Marfan’s Syndrome Heritable condition that affects connective tissue. –Autosomal dominant. 25% of all cases are a result of a spontaneous mutation. WATCH THIS!!!

Symptoms Tall and slender. Retinal detachment. * Aortic dilation. –More likely to rupture  sudden death. * Leaky heart valves. –Heart murmor.

Diagnosis Physical exam. Genetic analysis rarely completed.

Treatment Skeletal: orthopedic braces or surgery. Vision: surgery or eye glasses. Heart: medications, valve replacement, aorta repair.