In The Name of Allah Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery By: M.S. Karambeigi Supervisor: Dr. M. Ranjbar Dr. M. Schaffie June 2007 Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

In This Representation: Introduction Microorganisms products Microorganisms Interactions Bacterial transport through porous media Micromodels application in MEOR MEOR case studies Economic considerations Artificial intelligence in MEOR

Introduction History Microorganism growth Suitable strain for MEOR Suitable reservoirs for MEOR Microorganisms products

Growth phases of microorganisms

Suitable Strain For MEOR Acceptable growth and movement ability Small in size Noticeable production of requisite materials Adaptation in hard conditions: Corrosion Low o 2 concentration Temperature, pressure, salinity Simple and available requisite nutrient

Suitable Reservoirs For MEOR Density >18 API (10-35-API) Viscosity >20 cp ( cp) Salinity < 1000 ppm 4<PH <9 Average permeability >75 md Temperature <75 c Pressure <2000 atm

Microorganisms products Biopolymer Biosurfactant bioemolcifier Enzyme

Biopolymer Biopolymer production Biopolymer types (solubility point view) Soluble (xanthan) Insoluble(dextran) Methanol precipitation indicator Simulation parameters: Nutrient consumption Biomass variation

Biosurfactant Effective parameters on Biosurfactant production: Growth conditions PH Salinity Core length Suitable nutrient Phase behavior based on CMC Before CMC After CMC

Bioemolsifier Definition Chemical analysis Effective parameters on bioemolsifier production: Bioemolsifier composition Growth conditions of cells PH Salinity

Enzyme Enzyme advantage Fast production Low requisite nutrient Lack of log time Environmental adaptation Lack of toxicity Application : Biodegradation

Aerobic Application Why aerobic and it's problems? Calculations: The most consumption of o 2 : 400 gr o 2 / m 3 oil Biomass production C:N:O= 1:2:1 C:N:P=100:10:2 Requisite air:

Microorganisms Interactions Virus and Bacteria Interactions Fungi and Bacteria Interactions In-situ & Ex-situ Strain Interactions Strain/Sand Interactions

Virus and Bacteria Interactions Lytic process Permeability Surface phenomena Vaccination A good idea

Test Method

Vaccination

Fungi and Bacteria Interactions Poly-cyclic Aromatics Fungi products Effective parameters on interactions: Additive materials Cycles number Competition and Co-culture

Co-culture Effect

In-situ & Ex-situ Strain Interactions Separation methods Simple complex A case study Strain products Interactions

Strain/Sand Interactions What will happen after attachment: Biofilm production Wettability alteration Reversibility Sand attchment test Optic density Effective parameters: Time Shear stress Sand increment Cell increment Cell density

Test Apparatus

Adsorption

Detachment

Cell Increment Effect

Bacterial transport through porous media Bacteria Selection For Penetration Motility and Size Effect on Transfer Bacteria Penetration Microbial plugging Transfer Modeling

Bacteria Selection For Penetration Filtration bed: Concentration Spores Retention reasons Retention calculations:

Motility and Size Effect on Transfer Effective parameters on it: Surface property Bacteria size (starve or vegetative) Cell hydrophobic property Surface change of cells Injection flow rate Results: Motility and size have not important effect on transport. so we use another parameter for.

Flow Rate and Motility Interaction Effect

Dimensionless Flux Ratio

Bacteria Penetration Penetration rate Model Permeability Motility Isotropy Content of flask B Cross section of transfer environment Pore throat Bacteria length

Penetration Time Motile cells

Growth Chamber

Effect of Permeability and Length on Penetration Rate

Effect of Permeability and Pore volume on Penetration Rate

Alder and Dahl Indicator K < 100 mdK > 100 md

Microbial plugging what`s the problem? Plugging methods Microbial plugging Advantages Procedure Permeability reduction test Results: Permeability reduction level Permeability reduction effect on recovery Metabolism progress effect on recovery The weakest place of plugging operation Change cross flow pattern The highest The best permeability contrast sweep efficiency

The Model

PRF

Transfer Modeling Some problems in this concept: Lack of theory of prediction of bacteria movement Equilibrium adsorption Filtration Bacteria detachment Pore throat Cells growth and death

Considerations: neglect cells growth neglect cell-cell interactions

Colloidal Filtration theory Considerations: Hydrodynamics dispersion Steady-state Irreversibility adsorption

Micromodel Micromodel manufacture methods : Chemical Laser Research introduction kinds of strains and micromodels Purpose Pattern design Pore area distribution Results: Vertical fractured Inclined fractured Horizontal fractured

Fracture Pattern

Micromodel

Strain 2Strain 1

Strain 2 Strain 1

Strain 2Strain 1

Results Recovery of Water flooding before MEOR(%) Incremental Recovery of Strain 1 relative to water flooding(%) Vertical fractured Inclined fractured Horizontal fractured

MEOR case studies MEOR Success Pilot MEOR Field MEOR

MEOR Success Study of 322 projects in USA(1995) Success percent Enhanced oil recovery Rock type Limiting parameters Economic considerations NV ROI Expenditures

Pilot MEOR Pilot MEOR : Characterization It's purpose Results EOR calculations

Experimental Design results

Oil Rate

Water Cut

Field MEOR Characterization Well selection Huff & Puff advantage Injection conditions Results

Vertical well

Steps 1&2

Steps 3&4&5

Horizontal well

Economic considerations Location Year Expenditure ($/m 3 oil) 1 North sea_ Recovery North sea_ Sulfate removal projects Great scale field field

Artificial intelligence in MEOR What is neural network Application What is fuzzy logic Application Our research: Introduction Methods Results and discussion

Neural Networks Application Input : Biosurfactant concentration Out put : IFT reduction Purpose : determine CMC and CMEC by NN Results Weakness of ANN…or !? Solution

ANN_Feed Forward result for 17 points

ANN_Feed Forward result for 12 points

Curve Fitting

Total Results ANN CF Math.

Fuzzy Logic Application Input : Rock and Injection property Output : S or recovery Rules : Expert system ANFIS Results and discussion

INTRODUCTION:

Train for 8-8 group

Test for 8-8 group

Train for 11-5 group

Test for 11-5 group

Thanks For Your Attention