1 pd, PAC 2005 MICE Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment Paul Drumm Rutherford Appleton Laboratory 19 th May 2005

2 pd, PAC 2005 The Neutrino Factory      e    e + Decay         Asia Europe America Factor of 10 in performance

3 pd, PAC 2005 Benefits: –Small apertures  lower cost/higher performance Challenges: –Must be fast (2.2 µs muon lifetime) –Must be safe & practical Cooling: –…is 25% of the cost of a Neutrino Factory –…gives a factor of 10 in performance –…has never been done before –…has the challenge to combine liquid hydrogen, high-gradient RF power, and intense beams! Ionisation Cooling

4 pd, PAC 2005 Cooling Channel  SC-Solenoid Cryogenic Absorber RF -Cavities Beam Large Emittance  Beam Small Emittance Cooling Heating long radiation length  hydrogen strong focus One Cooling Cell

5 pd, PAC 2005 MICE Detectors SC-Solenoid Cryogenic Absorber RF -Cavities Diffuser  EU design study 44/88 MHz; US design study 201 MHz  MICE Reproduces part of US “study II” channel: 201 MHz Bz Proof of principle Engineering Safety Performance Proof of principle Engineering Safety Performance

6 pd, PAC 2005 …MICE ToF Cherenkov Calorimeter Focus Coils Coupling Coils Liquid Hydrogen Absorbers RF Cavities Tracking Spectrometers Matching Coils Beam Diffuser

7 pd, PAC 2005 Performance aims (figure from proposal) initial large emittance – cooling initial small emittance – heating Aim for a 10% cooling effect; measure  out /  in to an accuracy of (No RF focusing in MICE)

8 pd, PAC 2005  Step I: Spring 2007  Step II  Step III  Step IV  Step V  Step VI 2009? Study Systematically

9 pd, PAC 2005 The long road… (some history) 2001 birth of MICE 2002 LoI to PSI & RAL –PSI:+ve but no, –RAL:yes  requested a full proposal Early 2003 proposal to RAL –IPR (Astbury) panel –MICE-UK: PPRP Autumn 2003: CCLRC gave scientific approval based on recommendations of the IPRP & dependent on funding End 2003 MICE-UK went to “Gateway” (G1) –Mid 2004; ok but reservations on international funding… By late 2004: –Project costs & schedule reviewed –Phase 1 of project submitted to the “Gateway” (G2&3) –Passed by PPARC science committee (  aware of Phase 2) March 2005: MICE went through PPARC council; RCUK, and now (almost finally) CCLRC council  ministerial announcement; MICE funded April 2005  2005: Phase 1 approval & funds in place THE MICE COLLABORATION 3 continents 7 countries 40 institute members 140 individual members - Engineers & physicists THE MICE COLLABORATION 3 continents 7 countries 40 institute members 140 individual members - Engineers & physicists

10 pd, PAC 2005 MICE Phase 1 Phase 1 builds: –The MICE muon beam line on ISIS/RAL –The tracking and particle ID systems needed to measure the performance of the cooling channel –Necessary R&D towards phase II Phase 1 aims: –Characterisation of the muon beam –Firm foundation for building the full MICE channel  assurance for the intl. funding agencies

11 pd, PAC 2005 Implementing MICE on ISIS MICE: 1 Hz 800 MeV ~0.1 µA ISIS: 50 Hz 800 MeV 300 µA

12 pd, PAC 2005 MICE Hall Nimrod linac hall HEP test beam  MICE 1950’s equipment

13 pd, PAC 2005 Implementing MICE on ISIS

14 pd, PAC 2005 Layout

15 pd, PAC 2005

16 pd, PAC 2005 MICE at phase 1

17 pd, PAC 2005 An Overview MICE Components: –Target & Muon Beam - Decay solenoid –Tracking Detector –Absorber Module –RF-Cavity Module & RF power –Infrastructure cryo, pwr, ctrls, intlck, mech. MICE web: –

18 pd, PAC 2005 Muon matching channel MICE SpectrometerDecay Solenoid Pion Capture Target production & capture  Momentum selection decay  momentum selection matching section New target – “Straight-7” replaced Reuse elements from HEP Test beam (quads and dipoles) SC-solenoid from PSI Matching elements found Beam line design

19 pd, PAC 2005 Beam Line Elements supercritical helium…

20 pd, PAC 2005 Every (MICE) home should have one…

21 pd, PAC 2005 Schedule Decay-Solenoid commissioning Key Milestone – Work During Shutdown 2004 shutdown work Cryogenics PHASE 2 PHASE 1 Critical items

22 pd, PAC 2005 pattern recognition – systematic errors evaluated with cosmic rays – stringent tests in B field planned Scintillating fibre tracking detector MICE tracker Spectrometer

23 pd, PAC 2005 Tracking Detector Model for KEK test Cosmic tests Performance achieved  light output  resolution Performance achieved  light output  resolution

24 pd, PAC 2005 Absorbers & Hydrogen Safety 20 l each absorber Explosive : 17% - 56% Flammable : 4% - 75% Ignition: 20mJ in air Gas. Density: 6% of air Liq. Density: 7% of water Particular problem of pumping - Oxygen plates out on cold surfaces & cannot be detected - ISIS LH2 moderator is surrounded by vacuum & an outer He layer In order for a hydrogen fire to occur, an adequate concentration of hydrogen, the presence of an ignition source and the right amount of oxidizer (like oxygen) must be present at the same time. But we know accidents happen! e.g. defrosting a blockage with a hot air blower!? In order for a hydrogen fire to occur, an adequate concentration of hydrogen, the presence of an ignition source and the right amount of oxidizer (like oxygen) must be present at the same time. But we know accidents happen! e.g. defrosting a blockage with a hot air blower!? LH 2 Vac-I Vac-II cold warm O 2 Un-detectable O 2 detectable Argon shroud & ventilation

25 pd, PAC 2005 H 2 Storage unit Ventilation duct Radiation shielding wall H 2 Buffer Tank (1m 3 approx) H2 absorber Vacuum jacket Hydrogen storage tank H 2 absorber H 2 buffer tank Hydrogen system layout: metal hydride storage! Venting turns out to be the most likely time for accidents

26 pd, PAC 2005 MICE Cryogenics RAL/ISIS has no existing large cryogenic infrastructure MICE baseline design based on a central cryo-plant –Expensive as much as £2M! (TCF50~200W) –Analysis: heat all goes in transfer pipes! A better way? –Cryocoolers = only a few watts at 4K!

27 pd, PAC 2005 Cryo-coolers as alternatives Solid state + closed loop helium Careful thermal design of magnets and absorber –Limit heat losses Cool down times made practical by using initial charge of LN 2 & LHe – Cryo-cooler then maintains against heat leaks & keeps temperature –8 hours with pre-cool –Days without! Decay solenoid – supercritical He - requires its own (small) refrigerator

28 pd, PAC MHz Cavity R&D 0.38 mm thick, 420 mm dia. 201 MHz MUCOOL R&D Curved Be windows

29 pd, PAC 2005 Emission in a magnetic field 805 MHz cavity in B field Enhanced field emission! Need to see at 201 MHz

30 pd, PAC MW Amplifier Master Oscillator Controls etc 201 MHz Cavity Module 2 MW Amplifier 201 MHz Cavity Module LBNL CERN 300 kW Amplifier HT Supplies Los Alamos HT Supplies (4616) (116) RF Power System dependent on…

31 pd, PAC 2005 …refurbished RF kit Large devices! Baseline 8 MW – identified 4 × >2.5MW – subject to R&D Large devices! Baseline 8 MW – identified 4 × >2.5MW – subject to R&D TH 116 / TH170 UK LBNL

32 pd, PAC 2005 Remaining Phase I issues Money Shielding Quads Decay solenoid Tracker Solenoid Funding of Phase II! Money –need to progress! Reuse of old equipment

33 pd, PAC 2005  Step I: Early 2007  Step II end 2007?  Step III  Step IV  Step V  Step VI 2009? MICE phase 1 MICE phase 2

34 pd, PAC 2005 Funding: How much do we need? MICE phase 1 estimated at £13M UK Contribution ~ £10M –Beam line+ –Contributions to tracker –Progress towards phase II Significant International Contribution –Decay Solenoid+ –Tracker detector –Tracker solenoid

35 pd, PAC 2005 Funding Outlook UK: funds for phase 1 –OST £7.5M (ink still wet!) –CCLRC (ASTeC ~£1.5M) –PPARC (~£1.5M) –Bid to PPARC for phase 2 (~£3M) US: –Through MUCOOL ($1.4M/3 years+…) –Other bids in progress O($2M) –Spectrometer, Cavities, Coupling Coil, –Absorber windows EU: –INFN bid to provide a spectrometer solenoid, detectors –Switzerland (solenoid), Belgium, Netherlands, Italy –important contributions to (pi) detector systems, DAQ JP: –Tracker, KEK tests, absorber… Funding Limited - Build on synergies with MuCool program  Situation not fully resolved beyond phase 1, but hopeful that MICE will run with a cavity module before end 2010

36 pd, PAC 2005 …Finally backed by an enthusiastic and confident collaboration… watch this space… MICE is off to a good start… … lots to do…