Life Span Lecture 7 Chapter 7 Toddlerhood

1-3 years Growth – Slow & Steady Areas of focus – Gross & fine motor – Language – Autonomy

Height & Weight Height inch / year Weight pounds / year

Body proportions Extremities grow faster than trunk 2 yr – Potbelly – Lordosis 3 yr – Slender – Stronger – Erect posture

Face & Teeth Dentist Fluoride Brushing Thumb sucking – Self-limiting

Bone Development Ossification – Cartilage  – Bone Greenstick fx

Sensory Development 3 yrs – 20/20 vision – Visual acuity Amblyopia – “Lazy eye” – Diplopia – Eye patch the good eye

Sensory Development Eustachian tube – Connect middle ear  – Pharynx Structure – Shorter – Wider

Vital Signs Temp – 98 – 99 o F Pulse – 90 – 120/ min Resp – 20 – 30 / min BP – 100/65

Developmental Milestones Related to – independent function

Gross motor Balance 1 foot Jump Steps Run

Fine motor Self-feeding Dressing Rides tricycle Simple puzzles Blocks Copies circles / lines Turns knobs Opens lids

Toilet training Help undressing Accidents Age – 2 – 3 ½ yrs

Psychosocial development: Autonomy Independence Freedom of choice

Psychosocial development: Discipline Simple & direct – f/b diversion Consistent Routine Frustration  – negativistic behavior “Time out”

Psychosocial development: Separation anxiety Warm & affectionate Comfort items Sibling rivalry Regression

Cognitive development Global perspective Object permanence “magical” age Egocentric view Time

Moral Development Parent’s moral code  child's moral code Promote Self-Esteem

Communication Automatic & spontaneous Understand before they can express 2 yrs – 2 word sentences – 50 word vocabulary 3 yrs – 3 word sentences – Noun & verb – 1,000 word vocabulary

Nutrition Est. eating habits Amounts & Variety Growth – Protein – Calcium – Iron – Phosphorus – Vitamins 2-3 yrs – Eating same food as family

Nutrition Caloric intake – 1,300 cal/day Plain vs mixed Ritualistic behavior Idea meal plan – 3 small meal – 3 nutritious snacks Routine Socialization

Sleep and Rest Nap Ritual Nightmares – Brief comfort

Play Mimic Symbolic play Parallel play Toys – Fine and gross motor