1 INVENTORS, INNOVATORS AND CREATORS - THE INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL OF NATIONS Document prepared by Mrs. Tarja Koskinen-Olsson, Chief Executive Officer, KOPIOSTO, Helsinki (Finland) Beijing, May 23 to 25, 2002 WIPO/INV/BEI/02/16 SECOND INTERNATIONAL FORUM ON CREATIVITY AND INVENTION - A BETTER FUTURE FOR HUMANITY IN THE 21 ST CENTURY Beijing, May 23 to 25, 2002

2 Creators – Who are they? Authors of literary and artistic works Natural persons (authors) create works Performing artists perform works Publishers and producers invest in works All have rights in copyright legislation Culture, science, information

3 Copyright Industries in Finland 4,1% GNP - CORE COPYRIGHT INDUSTRIES 0,9% GNP - INDIRECT INDUSTRIES 5,0% GNP - TOTAL 4,0% OF THE WORK FORCE From 4 to 7% in other countries

4 Core Copyright Industries Press and literature1,61% Software and databases0,96% Radio and television0,37% Advertising0,30% Music0,20% Theatre and opera0,09% Architecture0,09% Photography0,08% Visual arts0,03% Industrial design0,02%

5 Creators, legislators, users How does (copyright) legislation protect the rights of creators? What privileges for users are there in the legislation? How can people benefit from cultural works and products?

6 Press and literature Writers Translators Journalists Scientists Publishers of books, periodicals and newspapers

7 Press and literature Libraries – reward to writers (public lending right) Scientific writers and publishers – early in the Internet Photocopying and digital copying –Collecting societies Affordability –VAT on books and newspapers

8 Software and databases System designers Programmers Compilers of data Software publishers

9 Software and databases Enforcement – piracy of computer programs Electronic commerce – on-line sales of software increasing Protection of databases – to enhance investment in important databases – traditional knowledge, folklore

10 Film and television Script writers Directors Directors of photography Actors Film producers Broadcasters

11 Film and television Ownership of rights in audiovisual works – transfer of rights, exploitation rights Broadcasters’ rights – new instrument discussed in WIPO Multiple channels –Cinema, television, cable and satellite, video, DVD, web-casting – role of public broadcasters

12 Music and sound recordings Composers Text-writers Music publishers Musicians and singers Producers of sound recordings

13 Music and sound recordings Collecting societies – make copyright function in practice Right of public performance – broadcasters’ remuneration vital Private copying (“Napster phenomena”) – levies on blank tapes and equipment Fight against piracy – legitimate sales bring also tax revenue

14 Visual arts and photography Painters Sculptors Graphic artists Illustrators Photographers

15 Visual arts and photography Auction sales – resale right of artists Right of reproduction – books, postcards, posters Museums on-line –collections available world-wide

16 Creators contribute to Economic wealth –copyright industries grow more rapidly than the economy in general Social well-being –culture adds value to the human life Cultural diversity – culture reflects the identity of a nation

17 Intellectual capital of nations Policy on artists and their living conditions – copyright an important element Investment policy – how to enhance local “content industries” Science policy –how to enhance research and development Cultural policy – cultural institutions