Gender & Personality Kimberley A. Clow Office Hour: Thursdays 2-3pm Office: S302.

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Presentation transcript:

Gender & Personality Kimberley A. Clow Office Hour: Thursdays 2-3pm Office: S302

Outline  Terminology  Sex Identity  Gender Identity  Sex or Gender Differences? Biology or Environment Findings to Think About  Identity Development  Moral Development

Terminology  How do we define females and males? Biological  Sex Genetic Sex Anatomical Sex Social  Gender Gender Identity Gender Role

Sex on Personality  Genetics Turner’s Syndrome  Only X chromosome Effects on personality Androgenized Females  Female embryo exposed to excess of androgen Effects on personality

Sex Identity  Anatomy is Destiny Freud  Castration anxiety vs. penis envy Erikson  External vs. internal genitalia has consequences on our approach to the world Horney  Womb envy

Gender Identity  An individual’s subjective sense of belonging to and being male or female  Gender identity effects Self-concept Self-esteem Talents pursued

Sex Differences?  Men Spatial Abilities Better at tasks & measures of spatial abilities Mathematics Verbal & Physically Aggressive Take charge in small groups  Female Verbal Abilities Start talking earlier Larger Vocabularies Better in reading Better at Nonverbal communication More sensitive to nonverbal cues More nonverbally expressive Concerned & Involved in child rearing

Maybe Gender Differences?

Stereotype Threat  Situation where one is at risk of confirming a negative stereotype This worry impedes performance

Female Aggression

Developing Gender Identity

Influence of Society

Gender Roles

Effects of Environment

Gender Stereotypes InstrumentalExpressive Active Ambitious Doesn’t give up easily Independent Not easily influenced Rough Considerate Cries easily Gentle Likes children Needs approval Warm with others

 Women receive more messages and pressures to be thin Also targeted for more food ads (sweets, snacks)  1600 ads/day 1/3.8 contains an attractiveness message  Women’s magazines contain 10.5 times as many ads and articles promoting weight loss The Effects of Advertising?

 Men’s articles more on body shape than weight Emphasize muscle mass and bulk  Men’s anorexia is on the rise  To make the sexes equal, men are becoming as insecure about body image as women Men

Moral Development

Moral Voices Men  Justice  Rights  Treating everyone fairly and the same  Apply rules impartially to everyone  Responsibility toward abstract codes of conduct Women  Care  Responsibility  Caring about everyone’s suffering  Preserve emotional connectedness  Responsibility toward real individuals

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