Report on the recent IAEA Workshop on Antineutrino Detection for Safeguards Applications Andrew Monteith Division of Technical Support Department of Safeguards

Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2009, March 19-20, Angra dos Reis 2 Outline Overview of IAEA activities Overview of Novel Technologies work Results from the workshop Discussion of roadmap for development The future of Safeguards

Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2009, March 19-20, Angra dos Reis 3 IAEA Safeguards Objectives Safeguards are applied by the IAEA to verify the correctness and completeness of declarations made by States about the exclusively peaceful use of their nuclear material and activities and thereby reducing the risk of proliferation of nuclear weapons.

Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2009, March 19-20, Angra dos Reis 4 ~ 900 facilities in 71 countries ~ 2,100 inspections/year ~ 250 Safeguards Inspectors Limited funding ~ €110M regular budget Improving implementation through Additional Protocol Integrated Safeguards (IS) Approach Safeguards Implementation

Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2009, March 19-20, Angra dos Reis 5 IAEA SG Techniques / Equipment in use Wide variety of safeguards equipment/techniques such as: Non Destructive Analysis (NDA) Containment and Surveillance (C/S) Containment verification Seals Cameras Destructive Analysis (DA) Environmental Sampling (ES)

Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2009, March 19-20, Angra dos Reis 6 Novel Detection Technologies Nuclear Fuel Cycle (NFC) Nuclear Fuel Cycle (NFC)

Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2009, March 19-20, Angra dos Reis 7 Novel Detection Technologies NFC Indicators / Signatures Nuclear Fuel Cycle Process “Indicators” Entities that go into making the process operative “Signatures” Entities produced by the process when it is in operation Nuclear Fuel Cycle Process NFC Process e.g.Enrichment Reprocessing Conversion Reactor Examples: Resources Required materials Facility design Related R&D … Examples: Produced materials Process by-products Energy emanations …

Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2009, March 19-20, Angra dos Reis 8 Areas of Interest

Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2009, March 19-20, Angra dos Reis 9 Direct follow up to Meeting to Evaluate Potential Applicability of Antineutrino Detection – held at IAEA HQ, December 2003 What were the conclusions of the 2003 meeting? What were the recommendations of the 2003 meeting? Background to the Workshop

Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2009, March 19-20, Angra dos Reis 10 What has happened since then? Who attended the 2008 workshop? Objective of the 2008 workshop Content of the workshop Background to the Workshop

Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2009, March 19-20, Angra dos Reis 11 The meeting concluded that antineutrino detectors have unique abilities to nonintrusively monitor reactor operational status, power and fissile content in near realtime, from outside containment. Several detectors, built specifically for safeguards applications, have demonstrated robust, long-term measurements of these metrics in actual installations at operating power reactors, and several more demonstrations are planned. It was agreed that the detector design is sufficiently robust and mature as to allow a reusable module to be developed that could be adapted to specific reactors. Conclusions of the Workshop

Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2009, March 19-20, Angra dos Reis 12 The following recommendations were made by the workshop: It was recommended that the IAEA consider antineutrino detection and monitoring in its current R&D program for safeguarding bulk-process reactors; It was recommended that the IAEA should also consider antineutrino monitoring in its Safeguards by Design approaches for power and fissile inventory monitoring of new and next generation reactors; It was recommended that there should be further interaction between IAEA and the antineutrino research and development (R&D) community, including regular participation of IAEA safeguards departmental staff into international meetings; It was recommended that IAEA safeguards departmental staff visit currently deployed and planned neutrino detection installations for safeguards applications; It was recommended the IAEA work with experts to consider future reactor designs, using existing simulation codes for reactor evolution and detector response. Recommendations of the Workshop

Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2009, March 19-20, Angra dos Reis 13 Roadmap Things that the Agency can do Seek out need and prioritize Issue ‘SP-1’ to MSSP Things that our MSSPs can do Present a clear vision of what antineutrino detection can offer the Agency Decide on individual state or joint approach from a technical standpoint Seek out possible sources of funding and resources (lab + field testing, facilities etc.)

Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2009, March 19-20, Angra dos Reis 14 The future of Safeguards? In late 2007, the Director General established a Commission of Eminent Persons to review the current activities and make recommendations regarding the future activities and priorities of the IAEA in the light of recent and expected developments relevant to the Agency’s mission.

Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2009, March 19-20, Angra dos Reis 15 Nuclear power growth

Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2009, March 19-20, Angra dos Reis 16 Growth in inspection effort

Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2009, March 19-20, Angra dos Reis 17 Building towards the future Open for discussion