The Thirteen Colonies CICERO © 2011

New England Colonies Massachusetts New Hampshire Connecticut Rhode Island CICERO © 2011

Middle Colonies New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware CICERO © 2011

Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Southern Colonies CICERO © 2011

Tobacco When the North American colonists did not find gold, they were forced to find other ways of making money. In 1613, Virginia colonist John Rolfe harvested the first crop of tobacco to be sold in England. Virginia tobacco was soon in high demand! Other colonies in the Chesapeake area found that they too could make huge profits growing tobacco. CICERO © 2011

Indigo Indigo is a plant from Asia used to make a bluish- purple dye for clothing. Early colonists found that the climate in the southern region of North America was ideal for cultivating indigo crops. In southern colonies such as Georgia and South Carolina, Indigo was second only to rice as a cash crop. CICERO © 2011

Rice Around 1700, colonists discovered that the swampy “low lands” of South Carolina were ideal for rice cultivation. For the next century, the colony prospered and grew, thanks to this profitable cash crop. Later, the Georgia colony also prospered from rice cultivation. CICERO © 2011

Cotton Cotton plants produce a soft, fluffy fiber that can be used to make textiles. Early colonists learned that the climate and soil in the southern colonies were ideal for growing cotton. Raw cotton was shipped to England’s textile mills. The invention of the cotton gin sparked a cotton “boom.” By the middle of the 19 th century, the southern economy was almost entirely based on cotton production. CICERO © 2011

Diagrams Colonial Hardships Causes of the French and Indian War Phases of the French and Indian War CICERO © 2011

Diagrams Colonial Hardships 12345

CICERO © 2011 Colonial Hardships Difficult Climate 2345

CICERO © 2011 Colonial Hardships Difficult Climate Unforgiving wilderness 345

CICERO © 2011 Colonial Hardships Difficult Climate Unforgiving wilderness Disease45

CICERO © 2011 Colonial Hardships Difficult Climate Unforgiving wilderness Disease Clashes with American Indians 5

CICERO © 2011 Diagrams Colonial Hardships Difficult Climate Unforgiving wilderness Disease Clashes with American Indians Rivalry among European Nations

Causes of the French and Indian War CICERO © 2011 Diagrams WAR! Colonists Britain and France American Indians

Causes of the French and Indian War CICERO © 2011 WAR! Colonists Britain and France had been competing for centuries. Each wanted to dominate Europe and control as much territory around the world as possible. American Indians

Causes of the French and Indian War CICERO © 2011 WAR! Colonists from Virginia and Pennsylvania wanted to settle in the Ohio Valley and bring an end to France’s domination of the fur trade. Britain and France had been competing for centuries. Each wanted to dominate Europe and control as much territory around the world as possible. American Indians

Causes of the French and Indian War CICERO © 2011 Diagrams WAR! Colonists from Virginia and Pennsylvania wanted to settle in the Ohio Valley and bring an end to France’s domination of the fur trade. Britain and France had been competing for centuries. Each wanted to dominate Europe and control as much territory around the world as possible. American Indians in the Ohio Valley wanted to keep the English colonists from spreading farther west. Other American Indians wanted to claim the Ohio Valley for themselves.

Phases of the French and Indian War CICERO © 2011 Diagrams Phase – 1756 Phase – 1758 Phase – 1763

Phases of the French and Indian War CICERO © 2011 Phase – 1756 Phase – 1758 Phase – 1763 Local actions in North America beginning with Fort Necessity; Most action is about trying to capture frontier forts; The British are largely unsuccessful.

Phases of the French and Indian War CICERO © 2011 Phase – 1756 Phase – 1758 Phase – 1763 Local actions in North America beginning with Fort Necessity; Most action is about trying to capture frontier forts; The British are largely unsuccessful. Begins with a real declaration of war (May15, 1756); Touches off a true world war (Seven Years War); Both sides commit more men and resources.

Phases of the French and Indian War CICERO © 2011 Phase – 1756 Phase – 1758 Phase – 1763 Local actions in North America beginning with Fort Necessity; Most action is about trying to capture frontier forts; The British are largely unsuccessful. Begins with a real declaration of war (May18, 1756); Touches off a true world war (Seven Years War); Both sides commit more men and resources. Britain decides to concentrate on North America; Britain invests HUGE amounts of money; Ends with British victory.

CICERO © 2011 What Is Wrong With This Picture? The First Thanksgiving by Jennie A. Brownscombe (1914)

What Is Wrong With This Picture? The First Thanksgiving by Jennie A. Brownscombe (1914) CICERO © 2011 Pilgrim men did not eat together with Pilgrim women at large gatherings.

What Is Wrong With This Picture? The First Thanksgiving by Jennie A. Brownscombe (1914) CICERO © 2011 A Pilgrim house would not have a front porch. Their roofs were made from grass (thatch) and steeply pitched.

What Is Wrong With This Picture? Right CICERO © 2011 The First Thanksgiving by Jennie A. Brownscombe (1914) Pilgrims are often depicted wearing only black and white dress. However, they actually wore brightly colored clothing.