FEEDING AND NUTRITION OF AVIAN SPECIES Dr. István HULLÁR, assoc. professor 1. Feeding Chickens; 2. Feeding Turkeys; 3. Feeding Ducks; 4. Feeding Geese.

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Presentation transcript:

FEEDING AND NUTRITION OF AVIAN SPECIES Dr. István HULLÁR, assoc. professor 1. Feeding Chickens; 2. Feeding Turkeys; 3. Feeding Ducks; 4. Feeding Geese.

1. Feeding Chickens 1.1. Feeding Broilers 1.2. Feeding Laying Hens Feeding Pullets Feeding Laying Hens.

The Scheme of Chicken Breeding  EGGSMEAT    Market eggs Breeding eggs     HYBRIDS BREEDS HYBRIDS   (Broilers)  Light breeds Heavy breeds    (Leghorn)  (Cornish) male line      Medium breeds      (Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock)  female line

The Digestive Tract of Chickens - Body lenght:GI = 1:5-6, - beak.

1.1. Feeding Broilers - Length of Fattening: d, - Growth Capacity – 2.0 kg at slaughter, - Body Composition, - Feed Efficiency: kg/kg, - Dressing Percent: 68%, - Expression of Nutrient Requirements, - Multiple-Stage Diets.

NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS Nutrients Starter Grower Finisher (0-10 d.)(11-24 d.) (25-slaughter) Crude Protein, % ME, MJ/kg Lys, g/kg Met + Cys, g/kg Linoleic Acid, % Ca, g/kg P (available), g/kg NaCl, %

- Homogeneity of Diets? - Energy Supplementation? - Physical Form of Diets (mash, crumbles, pellets) ?

- Feeding Method? - Tap Water: l/kg DM, - Housing, Artificial Light,  1-2. d.: 24 h/d;  2nd d.-Slaughter: 23 h/dinterrupted (2-21. d.: 23 h/d; 20  8 lux; from the 22nd d.: 1-2 h light, 2-4 h darknes; - Sex Dependent Rearing?

1.2. FEEDING LAYING HENS Feeding Pullets Feeding Laying Hens

FEEDING PULLETS Breeding Egg Commercial Egg   Purebred Birds Commercial Hens   (Hybrids) Light Breeds Medium Breeds Heavy Breeds Length of Pullet Rearing |———————|——————————————| 0. starter diet 8. wgrower diet17. w

FEEDING PULLETS - Light Program, - Genetic Selection, - Nutrient Content and the Physical Form of Diets.

NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS Nutrients Starter Grower (0-8.w.) (9-17. w.) Crude Protein, % ME, MJ/kg Lys, g/kg Met + Cys, g/kg Linoleic acid, % Ca, g/kg P (available), g/kg NaCl, %

FEEDING PULLETS Feeding w: ad libitum, - from the 4. w: controlled feeding,  low BW: pelleted feed  increased feed intake, or increased nutrient density;  high BW: unchanged daily amount of feed; - 9. w: g BW (change of feeds according to the BW), w: housing.

FEEDING PULLETS Light Program d: 24 h/d, 20 lux, d: 10 lux, from 24 h/d to 8 h/d, - from 21. d till the end of the 17. w: 8 h/d, 10 lux.

FEEDING COMMERCIAL HENS Production of Commercial Eggs (Hybrids) Duration of Laying: 12 months, - Hybrids for egg production - Leghorn-Type Hybrids (e.g. Shaver Starcross 288), - Hybrids with brown egg shell (e.g. Tetra SL), Egg produced, no.: (3% of the BW), Production w: level of egg production is 5%, w: level of egg production is 10% (BW:1,7 kg), w: level of egg production is 60%, w: level of egg production is 95% (pick production).

NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS NutrientsPrelayer Layer 1 Layer 2 ( w)( w) ( w) Crude protein, % ME, (MJ/kg Lys, g/kg Met + Cys, g/kg Linoleic Acid, % Ca, g/kg P, (available), g/kg NaCl, %

FEEDING COMMERCIAL HENS - ad libitum, - mash, - grits, - feed efficiency: 2,0-2,1 kg/kg eggs, - end of the egg production: slaughter, ARTIFICIAL LIGHT w: 1 h/w increment, 20 lux, w: 12 h/d, 20 lux, w: 14 h/d, 20 lux, at 85% egg prod.: 16 h/d.