1. 3. FEEDING DUCKS Dr. István HULLÁR, assoc. professor 3.1. Feeding Roasting Ducks 3.2. Feeding Ducks in Laying Period 3.3. Liver Production

2. 3.1. Feeding Roasting Ducks - Length of Fattening: 45-49 days, - Day Old Duckling: 50-55 g - BW at Slaughter: 3.0-3.2 kg (60*BW) - Growth Capacity: 80% of it is over, - Feed Efficiency: 2.6-2.8 kg/kg.

3. 3.1. Feeding Roasting Ducks - Beak (feed intake), - Lack of Crop (feeding frquency, feed intake), - Vividness (maintenance requirement), - Tap Water: 3-5 l/kg DM, - Waste of Feed (frequent drinking), - Fat inbuilding (4-5. w): subcutaneous, the proportion is decreasing by the age, - Multiple-Stage Diets.

4. Nutrient Requirements of Roasting Ducks Nutrients Sater Grower Finisher (0-14. d) (15-42. d) (43-49 d) Crude Protein, % 21,0 18,0 16,0 ME, MJ/kg 12,0 12,5 12,9 Lys, g/kg 10,0 8,0 7,5 Ca, g/kg 9,0 8,0 8,0

5. 3.1. Feeding Roasting Ducks - Dietary Energy Level,  - Diets  Growth Capacity?! - Physical Form of Diets, - Feeding Method: ad libitum, - Housing, Semi Intesive Rearing Intensive Fore Rearing (0-18. day),

6. 3.1. Feeding Roasting Ducks Post rearing (from the day 19th till slaughter), a) dry method b) on lake

7. 3.1. Feeding Roasting Ducks Intensive Rearing (closed confinements)

8. 3.2. Feeding Breeding Ducks Khaki campbell - 300-350 eggs, - persistency: > 400 days.

9. 3.2. Feeding Breeding Ducks Female Lines of Peking Type Hybrids - Onset of Egg Production: 22-24. w, - Length of Egg Production: > 300 days, - Egg Number: 250.

10. 3.2. Feeding Breeding Ducks Pekin Bred Traditionally - Onset of Egg Production: 28. w, - Length of Egg Production: 210 days, - Egg Number: 130-150.

11. 3.2. FEEDING BREEDING DUCKS 3.2.1. Feeding Duckling Breeders 3.2.2. Feeding Ducks in Laying Period

12. 3.2.1. Feeding Duckling Breeders (traditional) Fore rearing Post rearing (18. d. - 27. w.) (January) Onset off egg production |————|———|—————————|————|—————| 0. 18. d. 8. w. 24-25. w 27. w. 28. w. June housing 0.: hatching (June), 7. w.: like the roasting ducks  selection; 8 – 25. w.: rearer feed (pellets)  reduced nutrient density, 150-180 g/d, 600-800 g W gain); 26.: layer diet ad libitum (pellets).

13. 3.2.2. Feeding Ducks in Laying Period Production of breeding eggs (traditional) onset (end of January) egg production (210 d) end |————————————————————| 28. w (August- September) - Number of eggs: 130-150; egg weight: 75-80 g, (parents of hybrids: 300 d, 250 eggs), - end of the laying period: a) slaughter (after fattening: 1 kg BW gain), b) 2nd laying period  90% of the former egg production.

14. NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF DUCKLING BREEDERS AND DUCKS IN LAYING PERIOD NutrientsRearer*Layer* Crude Protein, % 14.5 17.0 ME, (MJ/kg 11.0 12.0 Lys, g/kg 5.5 7.5 Ca, g/kg 8.0 29.0 *: pellets.

15. 3.2.2. Feeding Ducks in Laying Period Artificial light (in closed confinements) - 18 h/d, only the intensity (lux) is increasing, - Ca: grits.

16. 3.3. Liver production Ducks used for liver production (males only): Muscovy Duck Mulard Duck.

17. Physiological basis of force feeding Physiological basis of force feeding Observation: fats stored subcutaneously and in the liver before migration; - feeds: carbohydrates  in the liver: tryglicerides  leaving the liver in form of VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoprotein); -Tryglicerid production > VLDL transport: deposition of tryglicerides in the liver (fatty liver).

18. Physiological basis of force feeding Physiological basis of force feeding Prerequisites: - breed, hybrid (genotype), - feeds rich in carbohydrates, - low level of lipotropes (Met, choline)  poor fat transport capacity, - flexible membranes of liver cells (regeneration of liver cells), low level of lipid loss when roasting, - liver size before the force feeding, - age of the animal (younger is better).

19. 3.3. Feeding ducks kept for liver production 0-7. w: like the roasting ducks; 8-9. w: preparation for the force feeding (16-17% CP) - to enlarge the volume of the oesophagus, - preparation of the liver for the high fat intake and storage; 1 meal/day (overeating)  enlargement of the oesophagus.

20. 3.3. Feeding ducks kept for liver production Muscovy Duck - Onset of the force feeding: 12. w, - BW: > 4,5 kg, - length of the force feeding: 13-15 d, - feeding frequency: 2/d, - 6-7 kg corn/duck, - liver weight: 450 g, - lipid loss when roasting: 30%.

21. 3.3. Feeding ducks kept for liver production Mulard Duck - Onset of the force feeding: 12-13. w, - BW: > 4,0 kg, - length of the force feeding: 12-13 d, - feeding frequency: 2/d, - 11-12 kg corn/duck, - liver weight: 650 g, - lipid loss when roasting: 15%.

22. Method of force feeding Method of force feeding 1. Corn grains, 2. Soft mash, 3. Corn grains + soft mash; individual cages, charging machine, feeding frequency: 2/d, ration: 230 g/d  450 g/d.