Ch 9, Section 2: Changing Population Trends Standards: SEV5e The Human Population Ch 9, Section 2: Changing Population Trends Standards: SEV5e

What are the top 5 most populated countries? As of 2012: China- 1.3 billion India- 1.2 billion United States- 313 million Indonesia- 248 million Brazil- 194 million China’s population is slowing and India is projected to surpass China by 2030. India’s projected population in 2050 is 1.6 billion.

Do all populations go thru the demographic transition in the same way? Not every country progresses thru the DT at the same rate or in the same way. Some countries have modern industry but low income (China) Some countries are stable & educated but with low industrialization

What effect does population have on resources? Most developed countries have already gone through the demographic transition during a time when resources were plentiful. Developing countries are currently experiencing their largest growth of the demographic transition during a time when the resources on the planet are already stressed.

What is infrastructure? When a country grows at a rapid rate it uses resources at an increased rate which will overwhelm the infrastructure of a community. Infrastructure are basic necessities of a community such as Water supplies Sewer lines Power plants Roads Subways Schools Hospitals

What are the problems of rapid growth? Rapidly growing populations use resources faster than the environment can renew them Resources most critically affected by rapid growth: Vegetation Water Land

What are the problems with Rapid growth & vegetation? In many developing countries, wood is main source of fuel. When pop. is low, people can gather dead wood on ground. When pop. is high, people cut down trees to get fuel wood. Without wood, cannot boil water for drinking, cook food, or stay warm. Water must be boiled b/c it is usually contaminated with disease causing parasites.

What are the problems with Rapid growth & Water? If population grows too rapidly, the local water supply cannot keep up. Water supplies may dry up faster than they can be replaced by rain water Plumbing infrastructure may be non-existent or not sufficient for growing population People may drink and wash from same water used for sewage disposal. Causes outbreaks of disease such as cholera, typhoid, and dysentery All of these diseases result in diarrhea Diarrheal diseases cause more than 40% of the deaths in Africa* According to WHO- World Health Organization

What are the problems with Rapid growth & land usage? Growing populations have shortage of arable land. Arable land is land that can be used to grow crops. Also competition for land to be used not only for farming, but also for housing & natural habitats.

What are the problems with Rapid growth & land usage? Ex: Egypt Egypt pop. 73 million & growing at rate of 2% each year. Egypt needs Nile River valley for farming (only 4% of land in Egypt is arable) The Nile River valley is also the only place where people can live b/c most of the country is desert. As population increases, valley land will be used for housing which means less land available to grow food.

What are the problems with Rapid growth & land usage? Another problem with land usage is urbanization. Urbanization- when people in rural areas move to cities. Urbanization leads to suburban sprawl- people move to suburbs around cities and commute into cities for work. City infrastructure can’t keep up with immigration of people into cities or suburbs Lots of traffic jams Less land for farms Inadequate plumbing Not enough or inadequate housing A housing development in Arizona

What is being done to manage population growth? Less developed countries are beginning to realize the economic strain overpopulation has on their countries. Some governments try to limit birth rate by: Offering monetary incentives/tax incentives to only have 1-2 kids Advertising family planning programs Legal punishments Family planning pamphlet from India.

What is the International Conference on Population & Development (ICPD) Conference held by United Nations Debated relationship between populations, development, and environment Results of Conference: Provide access to family planning methods & related reproductive health services Reduce infant mortality rates to below 35/1000 live births & under 5 year old mortality rates to 45/1000 Close gap in maternal mortality btwn developed & developing countries. Increase life expectancy at birth to more than 75 years. Achieve universal access to & completion of primary education. Ensure the widest and earliest possible access by girls and women to secondary & higher levels of education

what is the future of world population growth? Worldwide population is currently over 7 billion. Worldwide fertility rates are declining If current trends continue, most countries will achieve replacement level fertility by 2050 & population growth will slow/stop. Most demographers predict world population will stabilize btwn 8 & 11 billion people.