US- Korea Joint Workshop on Digital Libraries UCSD, August 10-11, 2000 CMNet (Chinese Memory Net): US-Sino Collaborative Research Toward A Global Digital Library in Chinese Studies US NSF’s International Digital Library Program Project Principal Investigator: Ching-chih Chen Simmons College, Boston, USA

The First Major Technology Project Supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities PROJECT EMPEROR-I The First Emperor of China (1983)

Technology and Humanities Integration A perfect example on the use of multimedia technology Technology is insensitive of Time and Geography Technology can bring the east and west together The beginning of a “virtual library”

The Beginning of A Long Affair with Technology Applications in the Humanities My involvement with Chinese contents started in 1984 with this project. filming in Xian

Voyager’s Interactive Videodisc and Multimedia CD 15 years ago it was incredible that we could have 108,000 pictures on the videodisc and the interactive videodisc can provide the information seekers incredible array of needed multimedia information, It demonstrated that the MM technology can change the way we seek, demand, and use information. Generated heavy media coverage in public media and broadcast of over 15 countries.

CONTENT IS THE KEY! My digital MM product of The First Emperor of China (6-hours of interactive materials) was chosen as one of the 50 Best CDs by MacUser Sun MicroSystems chose Emperor was one of the three projects to be included in its World-wide Higher Education brochure IBM said in its Multimedia Solution (March/April 1991) “IBM’s Multimedia prototype – PROJECT EMPEROR-I – puts multimedia technology to the ultimate test.”

Moving Toward A Digital Knowledge Base IBM Multimedia Today (1993)

Planning GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE My R&D work with the Emperor Project made me realized how IT will change dramatically our future communications and information provision/use. Thus, since 1993 I have advocated among global library and information communities the need for planning GII. The digital “knowledge base” of The First Emperor of China is a prototype “digital library” I also started advocating the concept of “global digital library” as shown in the simple scheme in the following slide.

The Global Digital Library - Conceptual Diagram (Presented at the International Conference on National Libraries - Towards the 21st Century, Taipei, April 1993 in celebration of the 60 th anniversary of the National Central Library)

DIGITAL LIBRARIES - PROBLEMS AND ISSUES zDefinition zRoles of Digital Libraries zTechnology -- infrastructure, quality of service interoperability, scalability, sustainability, etc. zInput method and standard - scanning, digitization, OCR… zData representation zOrganization - metadata, indexing zAccess - indexing and retrieval

DIGITAL LIBRARIES - PROBLEMS AND ISSUES (Continued) zNavigation and search zContent building, Collection Management and organization, preservation zUser interfaces and human-computer interaction zMulti-lingual problems and issues zEconomic, social (information rich and poor, etc...), and legal issues (copyright, privacy, security, etc…) zCollaboration -- regional, national and global Today’s digital libraries are still poor shadows of the analog libraries in nearly every intellectual respect

DL-1 (NSF)- $24M total over four years, ending fall Carnegie Mellon University Stanford University University of California at Berkeley University of California at Santa Barbara University of Illinois University of Michigan

Digital Libraries Initiative - Phase 2 zSponsoring Agencies and Programs  National Science Foundation (NSF) - Digital Libraries Initiative  Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA  - Information Technology Office  National Library of Medicine (NLM) - Extramural Programs  Library of Congress (LOC) - Digital Library Initiatives  National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) - Digital Library Initiative  National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) zIn Partnership withNational Archives and Records Administration (NARA)  Smithsonian Institution (SI)  Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS)

STAR TAP

A A A A C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C J J Changing Scales and Contexts of Interaction and Collaboration NSFNet StarTap Connections Ching-chih Chen - August 1999 (Courtesy of S. Griffin, NSF)

NSF’s IDLP (International Digital Library Program) zIntroduced in 1999, the new IDLP program (NSF 99-6) is intended to contribute to the fundamental knowledge required to create information systems that can operate in multiple languages, formats, media, and social and organizational contexts.

International Digital Libraries Program (IDLP) zGoals yTo enable users to easily access digital collections, regardless of location, language or formats yTo enable broad use in research, education, commerce and other purposes zResearch will be on: y Interoperable technologies y Technology for intellectual property protection y Methods and standards for ensuring long-term interoperability among distributed and separately administered databases, world data-mining etc… zCooperative research can help avoid duplication of effort, prevent the development of fragmented digital systems, and encourage productive interchange of knowledge and data around the world.

With long-time strong interest in global digital library, I find an opportunity for me in IDLP zIn my case, my NIT conferences enable me to know the world development in digital libraries (see Chen, Ching-chih. IT and Global Digital Library Development. Newton, MA: MicroUse Information.) zI capitalize my global connections and my experience in the Emperor Project. zI partner with I2 institutions, and I capitalize the expertise from our international partners.

Ching-chih Chen ‘s International Consulting and Speaking

CMNet - Why? zDigital library developments are not new, but few international collaborative research efforts. zCMNet will explore the use of Chinese materials for education and research. Presently scholars and students in these fields have opted more for traditional means of information access. zChinese Digital library/museum activities are underway in different places, but few can be considered for broad-based international access and sharing.

CMNet - Why? zIn the multilingual area, most R&D are related to roman alphabet languages. Few deal with non-Roman languages, such as Chinese. zIn the area of network use, the current complex network environment is a reality. CMNet will explore the use of all types of networks for global access to distributed information in China, Taiwan and US zThe proposed research areas are significant to American scholars in the Chinese studies, but American researchers often do not have as much expertise in those areas.

CMNet’s Research Plan - Initial Collaborators Expected Synergy  US  Simmons  – non-Internet2  Several Internet2 institutions (still being worked on…)  Taiwan  Academia Sinica  National Taiwan University  National Tsinghua University  China  Jiaotung University  Peking University  Tsinghua University

CMNet - Research Areas to be Explored (1 of 2) zMultilingual information systems, and cross-language retrieval systems;  Multi-national digital libraries including sound, data, image, multimedia, software…; zInteroperability and scalability technology to permit large world-wide collections; zMetadata techniques and tools; zInvaluable contents -- linking Chinese historical, cultural and heritage information systems of the best institutions in the US, Taiwan and China; Ching-chih Chen - Feb. 22, 2000 Modified on Mar. 28, 2000

CMNet - Research Areas to be Explored (2 of 2) zPreservation and archiving of digital scholarly information, including technology and procedures for long-term information asset management; zSocial aspects of digital libraries and cross-cultural context studies; zInstructional use of digital libraries at all levels of instruction; zEconomic and copyright issues: authentication, rights, and fair use; and zElectronic publishing and scholarly communication technology, including collaboratories, online repositories, and new methods of organizing scientific knowledge distribution. Ching-chih Chen - Feb. 22, 2000 Modified on Mar. 28, 2000

Net has multiples meanings: yIn the net-worked environment yUse this and Next Generation Internet yConnect distributed digital libraries in different parts of the world yCreating a synergetic informal network of researchers on similar research interest yetc Ching-chih Chen - Feb. 22, 2000 Modified on Mar. 28, 2000 CMNet (Chinese Memory Net): US-Sino Collaborative Research Toward A Global Digital Library in Chinese Studies

Research Plan Ching-chih Chen - Feb. 22, 2000 Modified on Mar. 28, 2000 Network environment in China (CERNET in specific) has progressed dramatically since this proposal writing in Dec The above is a much out-dated picture

CMNet’s R&D Agenda from China, Coordinated by Prof. Li-zhu Zhou, Chair, Department of Computer Science and & Technology, Tsinghua Univ. Tentative (Not for Distribution) – (1 of 2)  Digitizing techniques for Chinese inform. – Include pattern analysis & recognition for ancient books; video/audio structurizing process; interactive 3D display techniques; etc… -- Dept of Computer Science & Technology (DCST), Tsinghua University  Metadata techniques and standards for Chinese information – Libraries of Peking University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, and Tsinghua University  Intelligent HCI techniques – Include multi-lingual, multi-modal search & retrieval; translation engine; etc. -- DCST, Tsinghua University & Shanghai Jiaotong University

CMNet’s R&D Agenda from China, Coordinated by Prof. Li-zhu Zhou, Chair, Department of Computer Science and & Technology, Tsinghua Univ. Tentative (Not for Distribution) – (2 of 2)  Digital library architecture – Include interoperability & scalability study on Internet environment; management framework & organization schema for distributed, heterogeneous, and mass information repositories; etc. -- DCST, Tsinghua University and Information Science Center, Peking University zTheory and method on global Chinese inform. Organization, integration, and sharing -- Information Science Center, Peking University, and Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University zPrototyping systems for Chinese cultural and heritage information -- University libraries and Computer Science Departments and Centers of Peking University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, and Tsinghua University;

CMNet’s R&D Agenda from Taiwan, Coordinated by Prof. Jieh Hsiang, Professor, Department of Computer Science, National Taiwan University Tentative (Not for distribution) – (1 of 2) zLinguistic Technology and Resources for English-Chinese Bilingual Information System -- Department of Computer Science, National Taiwan University zLexicon-based Knowledge Linking -- Approaches Towards a WordNet -- Institute of Information Science (computer science), Academia Sinica zMetadata Interchange for Chinese Information for Digital Libraries Infrastructure for Multilingual Digital Library -- Graduate Schools of Library and Information Science, National Taiwan University and National Normal University; National Central Library z

CMNet’s R&D Agenda from Taiwan, Coordinated by Prof. Jieh Hsiang, Professor, Department of Computer Science, National Taiwan University Tentative (Not for distribution) – (2 of 2) zAgent-based Information Gathering and Service for Digital Library -- Departments of Computer Science, National Tsinghua University and Soochow University,and Division of Government Publications, National Central Library zIntellectual Property Rights Protection -- Safeguarding Digital Library Contents and Managing Electronic Copyright -- Institute of Information Science (computer science), Academia Sinica

NIT ‘99: The 11 th International Conference on New Information Technology, Taipei, August 18-20, Cosponsored by the Ministry of Education and the National Science Council Info Tech as Cross-Strait Peace Envoy – Perfect Example

Global Digital Library Development in the New Millennium Fertile Ground for Distributed Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration May 2001, Beijing, China In Celebration of the 90 th Anniversary of Tsinghua University Chief Conference Organizer: Dr. Ching-chih Chen Local Conference Chair : Prof. Hu Dong-cheng Vice President, Tsinghua University NIT 2001: The 12 th International Conference on New Information Technology

Sample Topics to be Covered: · National information infrastructure and policies · Use of this and Next Generation Internets · Digital libraries and systems: Changing roles, collaboration, and exploration · Collaborative research activities · Interoperability and scalability technology issues · Multiformat, multilingual problems and issues · Intelligent agents · Metadata techniques and tools · Preservation and archiving of digital information · Social, economic, and legal issues of digital libraries · Education and training in information technology · Digital libraries and consortium development · Distance learning and the use of distributed digital libraries · Distributed digital library development in the world · Intellectual property and right protection · Etc. NIT 2001: The 12 th International Conference on New Information Technology

zCMNet can be successful only if all collaborators take this project seriously zIt needs synergetic infusion of ideas and R&D zIt needs high-level governmental support in the most enthusiastic way. zMore collaboration with other countries and other institutions of similar R&D agenda is needed and solicited zGlobal digital library Development in the new millennium is indeed Fertile Ground for Distributed Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration. Let’s capitalize the opportunity! For more information: CMNet: A Gateway for Further International Collaboration with Other Countries