1 1 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Heavy Goods Vehicle tolling on German Motorways Dr. Christine Lotz

2 2 b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 The German HGV Tolling System Interoperability of Tolling Systems in Europe CEN/ISO Standardisation

3 3 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 The German HGV Tolling System The Motivation Guarantee the financing of building new roads and maintenance. Create a pricing scheme that is addressed to the originator of the road damage. Create a motivation to change modal split of freight traffic in a ecological manner to rail and water ways and to enhance the efficient use of trucks. Promote the implementation of innovative technology

4 4 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 The German HGV Tolling System The Network The Vehicles ~ 24,500 km toll roads ~ 5,200 toll road sections All HGV  12 tons

5 5 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 The German HGV Tolling System The Tariff Emission category to max. 3 axesmore than 4 axes Category A EURO-4, EURO-5, EEV 0,09 €/km 0,10 €/km Category B EURO-2, EURO-3 0,11 €/km 0,12 €/km Category C EURO-0, EURO-1 0,13 €/km0,14 €/km

6 6 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 The German HGV Tolling System The Requirements to Implementation recognise a fixed toll road network and only charge tolls there. This road network must be expandable at any time. to be able to set environmental policy through taking the pollution class into account as well as the number of axles in calculating fees. offer the technical prerequisites to introduce other fee classes, such as the time and place of the trip. to be a free flow system, which charges toll without causing stops and traffic jams. The toll system must....

7 7 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 The German HGV Tolling System The Requirements to Implementation to be a dual system with automatic and manual booking alternatives to ensure that all truck drivers can use the toll road system without discrimination. to be able to handle the full tonnage booked with the manual system if the automatic system goes down. Moreover, the toll collection system should have the technical prerequisites to support other systems in Europe in the future. The toll system must....

8 8 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 developing phase Jan 2005 Start Restricted System Jan 2006 Start Full System 1995 First field trial 1998 Political decision End 1999 Public Call Sept 2002 award of contract consortium: DaimlerChrysler, Deutsche Telekom, CofiRoute...later float service provider Toll Collect The German HGV Tolling System The Schedule

9 9 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 The German HGV Tolling System The Legal Basis The German Motorway Toll Act, from (ABMG) defines rules, e.g. which vehicles, which kind of roads The Toll-rate Order, from (MautHV) regulates the amount of the toll The Truck Toll Order, from (LKW-MautV) regulates details of toll collection

10 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 The German HGV Tolling System The Components Log-on System Manual System Automatic System TerminalsInternet automatedstationary Enforcement System mobilecompany

11 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 transport company The German HGV Tolling System optional registration The Principles of the Manual Log-on System

12 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Unter- nehmen desti. transport company manual The German HGV Tolling System The Principles of the Manual Log-on System

13 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Unter- nehmen desti. transport company manual The German HGV Tolling System Fotos TollCollect The Principles of the Manual Log-on System

14 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Unter- nehmen desti. transport company manual The German HGV Tolling System Fotos TollCollect The Principles of the Manual Log-on System

15 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Unter- nehmen desti. transport company manual The German HGV Tolling System The Principles of the Manual Log-on System

16 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Unter- nehmen desti. transport company The German HGV Tolling System vehicle enters a toll road The Principles of the Manual Log-on System

17 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Unter- nehmen desti. transport company The German HGV Tolling System enforcement stationary or mobile The Principles of the Manual Log-on System

18 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Unter- nehmen desti. transport company The German HGV Tolling System The Principles of the Manual Log-on System

19 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 transport company company pays toll fees The German HGV Tolling System For Internet-log-on only: Centre charges toll fees The Principles of the Manual Log-on System

20 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 The German HGV Tolling System The Components Log-on System Manual System Automatic System TerminalsInternet automatedstationary Enforcement System mobilecompany

21 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 The Principles of the Automatic Log-on System The German HGV Tolling System mandatory registration Fotos TollCollect Install On-Board Unit transport company

22 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Install On-Board Unit Fotos TollCollect Siemens deviceGrundig device GPS GSM gyro tacho grip digital map (toll road table) toll tarifs table Software vehicle data The Principles of the Automatic Log-on System transport company The German HGV Tolling System

23 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 desti. Position detected via GPS Enter vehicle data Satellite for GPS The Principles of the Automatic Log-on System The German HGV Tolling System transport company

24 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 desti. Satellite for GPS The German HGV Tolling System transport company On-Bord-Unit detects toll road The Principles of the Automatic Log-on System

25 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 desti. Satellite for GPS On-Bord-Unit detects toll road The German HGV Tolling System transport company enforcement The Principles of the Automatic Log-on System

26 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 desti. Satellite for GPS enforcement The German HGV Tolling System transport company On-Bord-Unit calculates toll charges The Principles of the Automatic Log-on System

27 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 desti. Satellite for GPS Toll is sent via mobile radio to toll collection centre The German HGV Tolling System transport company The Principles of the Automatic Log-on System

28 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Centre charges toll fees Satellite for GPS company pays toll fees The German HGV Tolling System transport company The Principles of the Automatic Log-on System

29 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Enforcement System The German HGV Tolling System The Components Log-on System Manual System Automatic System TerminalsInternet Toll enforcement and the punishment of violations are the responsibility of the Federal Office for Goods Transport (BAG).

30 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 automatedstationary Enforcement System mobilecompany The German HGV Tolling System The Components Log-on System Manual System Automatic System TerminalsInternet

31 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 source TollCollect The Principles of the Automated Enforcement The German HGV Tolling System Around 300 fixed control gantries enforce compliance with the duty to pay toll without interfering with the flow of traffic.

32 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 source TollCollect The Principles of the Automated Enforcement The German HGV Tolling System detection & tracking unit LED flash camera for licence plate camera for overview picture Laser distance sensor

33 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 source TollCollect The Principles of the Automated Enforcement The German HGV Tolling System Evidence Data: Location photo licence plate + OCR 3D scan + automatic classification Overview picture if so, DSRC transaction

34 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 automatedstationary Enforcement System mobilecompany The German HGV Tolling System The Components Log-on System Manual System Automatic System TerminalsInternet

35 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Fotos TollCollect The Principles of the Stationary Enforcement The German HGV Tolling System Control gantry BAG employees engage in stationary enforcement on parking lots in the vicinity of the control gantries.

36 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Fotos TollCollect The Principles of the Stationary Enforcement The German HGV Tolling System radio transmission from gantry to enforcement personell

37 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Fotos TollCollect The Principles of the Stationary Enforcement The German HGV Tolling System Control gantry stationary teams located at parking lots

38 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 automatedstationary Enforcement System mobilecompany The German HGV Tolling System The Components Log-on System Manual System Automatic System TerminalsInternet

39 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Foto TollCollect The Principles of the Mobile Enforcement The German HGV Tolling System Mobile enforcement units are able to control – independently from control bridges 278 vehicle monitor ~5% of HGV ~ mobile controls per year Foto BAG

40 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 automatedstationary Enforcement System mobilecompany The German HGV Tolling System The Components Log-on System Manual System Automatic System TerminalsInternet

41 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 The Principles of the Company-Level Enforcement The German HGV Tolling System BAG employees perform company-level enforcement by randomly checking freight transport companies on-site to determine if they have paid the required toll.

42 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 The Enforcement The German HGV Tolling System Around 10% of all trips are enforced over the year. The violation rate is less than 2%.

43 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, Enforcement gantries 278 Enforcement vehicles >99 % Recording rate (actual) 95 % Recording rate (target) 86 % Automatic bookings 14 % Manual bookings 300 Enforcement gantries 278 Enforcement vehicles >99 % Recording rate (actual) 95 % Recording rate (target) 86 % Automatic bookings 14 % Manual bookings 481,000 OBUs installed 734,182 Registered vehicles 108,844 Registered users 1,496 Service Partners (in Germany) 435 Service Partners (outside Ger) 3,580 Toll-station terminals 481,000 OBUs installed 734,182 Registered vehicles 108,844 Registered users 1,496 Service Partners (in Germany) 435 Service Partners (outside Ger) 3,580 Toll-station terminals The German HGV Tolling System Status on Jan facts and figures source TollCollect

44 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Interoperability in Europe What means interoperability? A European electronic toll service should provide interoperability at technical, contractual and procedural level, covering: (a) a single contract between the clients and the operators offering the service, complying with a contractual set of rules allowing all operators and/or issuers to provide the service, giving access to the whole network; (b) a set of technical standards and requirements allowing the industry to provide the necessary equipment for the provision of the service. ONE single contractONE single device Source Directive 2004/52/EC

45 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Interoperability in Europe Locationing Communi- cation GNSS/CN-Systems Global Navigation Satellite System/ Cellular Network DSRC-Systems Dedicated Short Range Communication Locationing + communication Foto ASFINAG Technical interoperability

46 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Toll for HGV planned / renewed GNSS/CN-Systems Global Navigation Satellite System/ Cellular Network DSRC-Systems Dedicated Short Range Communication Technical interoperability Interoperability in Europe

47 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Contractual and procedural interoperability user local provider contract Interoperability in Europe

48 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 local provider user contract Contractual and procedural interoperability Interoperability in Europe

49 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 user contract „European“ provider local provider Contractual and procedural interoperability Status today: open discussion private company public authority Interoperability in Europe

50 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, New Systems only DSRC 5,8 GHz. or GNSS/GPRS EC-Directive into national law DIRECTIVE 2004/52/EC on interoperability of electronic road toll systems EU research projects CESARE-III RCI REPORT „Suspension of inventory keeping“ ? ?  ? ?  Interoperability in Europe

51 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 CEN/ISO Standardisation CEN/TC 278/WG1 bzw. ISO/TC 204/WG5 Major Standards  High level Standards:  CEN ISO/TS (2002) EFC - System architecture for vehicle related transport services  CEN ISO/TS (2003) EFC - Guidelines for EFC security protection profiles  ENV ISO (2002) EFC - Interface specification for clearing between operators  High level Standards:  CEN ISO/TS (2002) EFC - System architecture for vehicle related transport services  CEN ISO/TS (2003) EFC - Guidelines for EFC security protection profiles  ENV ISO (2002) EFC - Interface specification for clearing between operators  DSRC applications:  EN ISO (2004) EFC - Application interface definition for Dedicated Short-Range Communication  prEN ISO/TS EFC - Test procedures for user and fixed equipment Part 1: Description of test procedures  prEN ISO/TS EFC - Test procedures for user and fixed equipment Part 2: Conformance test for the onboard unit application interface  DSRC applications:  EN ISO (2004) EFC - Application interface definition for Dedicated Short-Range Communication  prEN ISO/TS EFC - Test procedures for user and fixed equipment Part 1: Description of test procedures  prEN ISO/TS EFC - Test procedures for user and fixed equipment Part 2: Conformance test for the onboard unit application interface  GNSS/GSM applications:  prCEN ISO/TS Applications Interface Definition for CN/GNSS based EFC  GNSS/GSM applications:  prCEN ISO/TS Applications Interface Definition for CN/GNSS based EFC

52 Dr. Christine Lotz b b a a s s t t Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Visit of the AASHTO/FHWA/NCHRP Expert Group June 8, 2006 Thank you. Dr. Christine Lotz Bundesanstalt fuer Strassenwesen Bruederstrasse Bergisch Gladbach Tel Fax