Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) William Pellico PIP and MI 700 kW review 21 – 22 January 2015

PIP – Talks will address the following topics What are the goals, deliverables, budget and schedule of the PIP project? Are they properly defined, well understood, achievable and self-consistent? This Talk Plans to address the Linac vulnerabilities and reliability adequate? (Fernanda Garcia Talk) Are the plans for the Booster RF cavities sufficient to extend their life at least until 2030? (CY Tan Talk) Are the plans to minimize Booster losses adequate and sufficiently understood to allow for the planned higher beam power levels? (Keith Gollwitzer Talk) How well do the current plans for PIP integrate into future plans for achieving even higher power (PIP II & Beyond)? (Steve Holmes Talk). W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review2

Aligned to AD operations and resources –Official start date FY12 An initial total budget of ~90 M dollars largely over 5 years –A small number of activities have been extended Adjustments to resources Alignment to program planning (ex. reduction of klystron installation) W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review3 PIP = Campaign to improve the Proton Source

The Proton Source is comprised of three accelerators and several beam lines. –Pre-Accelerator Under PIP – upgraded to an 750 KeV RFQ based H- injector –Began as a 750 KeV Cockcroft-Walton (CW) & Proton Source 1969 –Switch to H- sources in the 1970’s –Linac 750 KeV to 400 MeV H- accelerator ( 200 MHz DTL, 805 MHz SCL) –Originally 200 MeV extraction – till 1995 –Booster 15 Hz Synchrotron 400 MeV to 8 GeV –Designed originally for 200 MHz to 10 GeV but operated at 8 GeV ext. –Extraction Lines 400 MeV, NTF, 8 GeV Beam Dump, (Muon Test) W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review4

Pre-Injector Upgrade – RFQ Injector Line (RIL) PIP’s first big success  FNAL considered using RFQ in late 1980's - BNL and FNAL worked with LBNL on a RFQ design - 200MHz built for BNL but FNAL cancelled order  FNAL initiated the Pre-injector upgrade in Fermilab retired C-W in August 2012 after 43 years of operation  FNAL Pre-injector upgrade commissioned in Dec Delivered beam on schedule ParameterValue (units) Energy35 – 750 (keV) Frequency (MHz) Length120 (cm) Design current60 (mA) Peak cavity power~ 140 (kW) Radial aperture0.3 (cm) Duty Factor0.12% New RIL 5 The new RIL fit into the existing CW area.

W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review Linac Overview Linac Length (m)200 Pulse Frequency15 Hz Kinetic Energy (MeV).750 – 400 Frequency (MHz)201 & 804 Current (operational)30mA N  of Cavities5 DTLs, 7 SC, 2 Vernier's LE Linac/ Flat top150.0usec Average Axial Field1.5MV/m RF Peak Power3.0MW Avg. power to the beam/cavity.250.0W Average RF Power/cav.8.0KW High Energy Linac Gallery High Energy Tunnel Tank 2Tank 3Tank 4Tank 50M1M4M6 750 keV 400 MeV M2M5M7M3 NTF 7835 Socket Designed for high intensity single shot proton injection 6 HE Linac Flat top150.0usec Average Axial Field4.8MV/m RF Peak Power9.0MW Avg. power to the beam/module380.0W Avg. RF power/module.21.0KW

Booster W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review Introduction to FNAL Booster Synchrotron  H - ions are stripped and multi-turn injected onto the Booster  Protons are accelerated from 400 MeV to 8 GeV in 33 msec  Fast cycling synchrotron -Fast magnet ramping -Frequency of 15 Hz  Single turn extraction Booster Circumference (m)474 Harmonic Number84 Kinetic Energy (GeV) Momentum (GeV/c) Revolution period (  sec)  (inj)  2.77 –  (ext)  1.57 Frequency (MHz) Batch size (Typical)4.5 E12 Focussing periodFDooDFo (24 total) Combined Function Magnets No failures after initial phase… But 8 spares have been refurbished… Linac Beam 7

PIP Introduction The viability of the US domestic experimental High Energy Physics program for the next ~15 years depends critically on the performance of the Linac and Booster accelerators. –FY12 PIP Organization and Task Structure Developed An operational campaign with project like structure/controls –Resource Loaded Schedule (RLS) Work was prioritized based upon resources and program planning –Management Organization –Document and Resource Controls Web page with links to all documents Regular management meetings, PMGs, reviews and reports…. End of Proton Plan Effort Proton Source Task Force 2010 Proton Source Workshop 2010 PIP Begins 2011 PIP Design Handbook & Project Controls 2012 RFQ Injector & Booster RF Solid State Complete 2013 Booster 15 Hz Operation 2015 Linac High Power RF System Completed 2019 Project Complete 2019 W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review8

PIP Documentation/Web PIP Web Page: 1)Meetings Management Task Status 2)Documents Technical Managerial 3)Personnel Org Chart Subscription 4)Calendar Events 5)Upcoming Meeting Status

W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review PIP Goals and Scope (Provided in 2011 – Directorate S. H. / DOE Talk ) Goals: Specific to the issues surrounding the FNAL Proton Source Increase the beam repetition rate from the present ~7 Hz to 15 Hz Eliminate major reliability vulnerabilities and maintain reliability at present levels (>85%) at the full repetition rate Eliminate major obsolescence issues Increase the proton source throughput, with a goal of reaching > 2E17 protons/hour Ensure a useful operating life of the proton source through at least 2025 Scope: Upgrading (or replacing) components to increase the Booster repetition rate Replacing components that have (or will have) poor reliability Replacing components that are (or will soon become) obsolete Studying beam dynamics to diagnose performance limitations and develop mitigation strategies Implementing operational changes to reduce beam loss 10

PIP Goals: Plan elements can be categorized into three areas: But many have significant overlap. W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review11 Reliability Viability Flux Solid State Upgrade Anode Supplies Bias Supplies Instrumentation New Booster Cavities Linac Modulators RFQ Injector Shielding Booster Notcher Dump LCW Work Cogging Aperture Work Vacuum Systems Utilities Power Linac Notch Dampers Linac RF Power Spare Cavity New Tuners Cavity /Tuner Refurbishment Beam Physics 15 Hz Operation Perpendicular Cavities

Completed FY15 PIP has 32 Tasks (New Cavity being split) 16 are completed and closed 6 more tasks will be closed in FY15 PIP – Task Structure Being split into three parts to better align with PIP II Completion of all cavities likely into FY16 W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review12 CY Tan Talk Fernanda Garcia Talk Keith Gollwitzer Talk

Mu2e Muon Production ~ 2.0 E16 pph Fixed Target ~ 2.0 E14 pph NO A ~ 1.4 E17 pph Booster Neutrino Beamline ~ 3 to 8 E16 pph g-2 Muon Production ~ 6.0 E16 pph Proton Source – Flux delivery plans PS W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review13

PIP started Booster Loss profile - no longer loss limited Loss Limited until 2010 then cycle rate limited Proton Plan: Collimators Correctors Beam dump Beam Operations W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review14

FY15 Proton Delivery Scenario (approximate, no shutdowns shown) PIP – Flux, Uptime & Viability W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review15

Resources PIP Tasks FluxViabilityLossesM&SLabor As part of operations – PIP needs to adjust to changes in resources, priorities and ongoing operations. Therefore Pre-Acc, Booster RF and fully engineered systems were the first tasks to be addressed. PIP schedule and resources W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review16

PIP - Work Prioritized 1.Booster solid state – completed on schedule (FY13) 2.Booster 15 Hz operation – 1.Refurbishment (on schedule FY15) 2.New Booster Tuners (10 to 20 in FY15) 3.Long lead task items – define/initiate necessary work to meet schedule 1.Linac RF power systems (7835 Tube risk/replacement option) 2.Linac modulator (obsolete tubes and reliability) 3.New Booster Cavity (Several Independent Tasks) 4. Booster shielding (Completion in FY15 – before high flux operations) 5.Beam Physics 1.Booster absorber system (Completion this shutdown) 2.Aperture/Alignment (Completed FY14 – may look again under operations) 3.Cogging (Slated to be completed this month) 4.Linac Laser Notcher (Installed mirror/vacuum cavity) 1.Recently successfully tested laser power levels and cavity 6.Booster RF Systems (Anodes, Bias Supplies – completion in FY15) 7.Instrumentation/Diagnostics (Linac/Booster BPMs, Dampers) 8.Utilities (House Power, LCW, Vacuum - determined by shutdowns) 1.Linac utilities completed FY15 Blue: significant progress Purple – to be completed Green: completed W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review 17

Scope change to PIP 2014 Modifications to PIP objectives that reflect present laboratory planning. This letter from Sergei has been added to PIP docs and reflected in PIP planning. Extend Booster operations to 2030 Linac Operations until 2023 Consider transition to PIP II W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review18

PIP Planning – Near Term vs. Longer Term Get to 15 Hz Increase Flux –Loss Control –Shielding –Beam Physics Reliability Viability New – PIP II interface –RLS changes in progress PIP was planned to be a ~5 year campaign: Why? Due to fact that after NOvA and BNB (as well as Muon/G-2) would require more flux than the PS could deliver – required a rapid response (near term). Additionally, the PS would need to keep running reliably for 15+ years required a long term strategy. W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review19

PIP-II impacts The Original PIP (Integration talk by S. Holmes) Anticipating a PIP-II Linac in 2023 –Linac needs to operate until 2023 –Booster needs to operate until at least 2030, and be able to accept the PIP-II beam in 2023 Meetings and studies underway to adjust the PIP plan for PIP-II –Some changes made immediately, expect plan to fully settle mid-2015 Implications: –Klystron implementation on hold until need is demonstrated Prototype will be completed and tested to spec –Booster cavity strategy evolving Any full replacement to be compatible with PIP-II and later upgrades Requirements to be settled upon in the near future –Booster modifications to allow 800 MeV injection –Booster 20 Hz operations will be studied –Booster infrastructure Working to integrate into PIP or operational effort – depending on timetable/funding W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review20

Required for 12 Hz Required for flux Required for 15 Hz Required for reliabilit y Completion Date Base Lined PIP PIP Gantt (As presented at AAC FY13 & FY14) Removed 2012 Gantt in blocks, AAC Feb black arrows and ACC Oct 2014 with red dots Being Split PIP II alignment Not practical under PIP II changing scope W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review21

PIP Gantt (being updated to reflect PIP II/P5/ab goals) PIP started out as a 5 year plan: 2012 to 2017 Modified due to changes in resources and now to changes in program. W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review22 All of PIP completes in 5 year window except for two tasks: Booster Cavities & Linac 200 MHz RF PS.

PIP key milestones to date W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review23 Shutdown Dependent Work in Progress

PIP End of FY14 Budget and Labor Summary (example) PIP has been largely an AD effort, however TD has and will continue to be a critical part. CD has and will be required in some beam physics as well as FESS for Booster feeder and sump work. W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review24

W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review PIP – Updated Budget FY10 Actual (A) FY11 Actual FY12 Actual FY13 Actual FY14 Lab Plan FY15 Lab Plan FY16 Lab Plan FY17 Lab Plan FY18 Lab Plan FY19 Lab PlanTOTAL PIP FY13 Plan SWF $4,421$5,805$5,974$4,746 M&S $2,655$5,195$6,026$7,254 **SUM DOLLARS $4,000$12000$7,000$11,000$12,000$11,500$14,500$11,000$7,000$90,000 FTE Estimated reductions to profile based on PIP-II redirection (B) ($2,000) ($6,000)($3,000)$0($13,000) Estimated additions to profile to meet amended goals.$0.50 $1,000 PIP Present Funds to completion $10,000 $9,000$8,000$7,000$44,000 PIP new guidance was recently provide and shown below – an updated schedule will reflect funding/work plan. The alignment will result in a final cost for PIP going from ~90 M$ to ~78 M$. Items not originally include in PIP but now being put into the plan: Booster Feeder (working with engineering on options) Booster Sump (selected failed units and discharge system) Klystrons removed 25

Linac 6 Modulators Utilities Infrastructure High Level (Klystron) Completion of Prototype Booster Completion of Anode(s) Completion of Bias Supplies New Tuners Cavities Two additional re-worked cavities New PIP II aligned cavities Perpendicular Cavities Completion of BPMs Beam Physics PIP – Outlying years M&S allocation (FY15 to FY19) W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review26 44 M$ to completion

W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review Conclusion PIP has been going strong and is now past the midway point. 15 of 32 PIP tasks have been successfully completed with 6 more on schedule to be completed this FY. Most of these tasks followed the initial schedule provided in the FY12 (all while adjusting to labor and funding modifications) When complete all but two (Linac DTLs and Booster gradient magnets) of identified concerns of the PS will be mitigated. Spare Booster gradient magnets have been reworked and readied for use. DTLs themselves should not pose an issue - but old components remain part of the system. The upcoming of PIP is critical, 15 Hz operations and flux ramp up, and will require a lot of hard work. FNAL and especially AD management understand importance of PIP and look forward to positive results. Thanks to BNL, SLAC and LANL for support……. 27

Extra cool slides W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review28

W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review29 PIP Labor

PIP Original estimated cost from 2011 – Task Force Report Task M&S K$ FTEs Project Management9.0 Modulator /Drive System Only10,00049 RFQ New Booster Cavities 18, Beam physics studies etc12.0 Collimators 1, Instrumentation BRF Anode and Bias supplies & test stand 1, Controls 1, Booster Solid state systems 3, Booster LCW Booster Vacuum Linac Vacuum Power distribution 1, Booster gradient magnets TOTALS (Modulators Only)39, William Pellico, FRA Visiting Committee Meeting, March 14-15, ,900k 164.8*230k 13,000k 90,804k

W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review Proton Source Throughput Demands (Baselined timetable - FY12) PIP officially started PIP campaign g-2 Mu2e 8 GeV 120 GeV NOvA Shutdown LBNE Goal Actual 31

W. Pellico: PIP and MI 700 kW Review32 PIP Labor – Actual verses forecasted need

RF 920KV – Historical data