Capt Peter Hsieh Reserve Program Manager Air Force Office of Scientific Research Armature-rail Electrical Interface in Electromagnetic Launch 3 Nov 2010.

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Presentation transcript:

Capt Peter Hsieh Reserve Program Manager Air Force Office of Scientific Research Armature-rail Electrical Interface in Electromagnetic Launch 3 Nov 2010 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Overview Electromagnetic launch applications Railgun physics and engineering Armature-rail sliding contact – Plasma transition – Hypervelocity gouging – Metallurgical reactions Summary 3 Nov 10 2 I. Newton, A Treatise of the System of the World, ca. 1680

Electromagnetic launch applications Velocity (km/s) Kinetic energy (kJ) Aircraft catapult Naval railgun Antitank railgun Hypervelocity space debris Space launch O. Božić and P. Giese (2006) NASA Ames Research Center (2008)

Electromagnetic railgun physics 4 C. Meinel, IEEE Spectrum (2007) K.A. Schroder et al., IEEE Trans. Magn. 35(1): 95 (1999)

Railgun engineering issues Pulsed power – Energy storage – Pulse shaping network Launcher – Armature and rail – Insulators Payload 5 Electromagnetic Launch Facility (EMLF) NSWC Dahlgren Division

Armature-rail sliding contact Electrical contact – Current distribution Sliding contact Hypervelocity gouging – Material properties Buried interface Metallurgical reactions 6 R.A. Meger, et. al., IEEE Trans. Mag. 41, 211 (2005). P. G. Slade, Electrical contacts: principles and applications (1999) M. Ghassemi and R. Pasandeh, IEEE Trans. Mag. 39, 1819 (2003)

Energy balance at the interface 7 Electrical current Friction Joule heating Air compression Metallurgical reactions Conduction ≈ 10 μm Armature Rail

Transition to plasma contact 8 R. A. Marshall et al. IEEE Trans. Mag. 31(1): (1995)

Hypervelocity gouging Phenomenon first reported by AF scientists working with rocket sleds (1969) Characteristic tear-drop gouges in rails due to asperity impact High-speed asperity impact 9 K. F. Graff and B. B. Dettloff, Wear (1969), Rocket sled testing at Holloman AFB

Gouging and shock loading 10 K.R. Tarcza and W.F. Weldon, Wear, 209: (1997) F. Stefani and J.V. Parker, IEEE Trans. Mag., 35(1): (1999)

Hydrocode simulation of gouging 11 J.D. Cinnamon and A. N. Palazotto, Int. J. Impact. Engr. (2009), Analysis of experimental data with CTH hydrocode modeling to extract high- strain rate material parameters Validation of CTH model by comparing predicted temperature with alloy microstructure changes

Interfacial metallurgical reactions 12 C. Persad, IEEE Trans. Mag. 43(1): (2007)ASM Handbook (volume 3): Alloy Phase Diagrams

Unraveling the problem De-couple sliding velocity from electrical current density Improve multi-physics modeling of the boundary film on relevant timescale with respect to its electrical and thermal transport mechanisms Model and test nonreactive armature-rail material pairs 13

Summary Electromagnetic launch is a breakthrough technology for hypervelocity research The armature-rail interface in railguns experiences conditions far from equilibrium during launch and gives rise to rail wear Further basic research to understand energy transport across the armature-rail contact is crucial for materials engineering 14

QUESTIONS? Capt Peter Hsieh Air Force Office of Scientific Research 15 Artist’s concept of NASA lunar base with mass-driver for mined ores. I.R. McNab, IEEE Trans. Mag. 45(1): (2009)