OCHA Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Multinational Planning Augmentation Team (MPAT) TEMPEST EXPRESS 27 - Staff Planning Workshop Manila, Philippines United Nations Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination (UN-CMCoord)

To define United Nations Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination (UN-CMCoord); To explain the UN-CMCoord strategies and liaison options; To discuss UN-CMCoord in the Asia-Pacific region. SESSION OBJECTIVES

Part I UN-CMCoord Definition & Key Elements

UN-CMCoord What is it? The essential dialogue and interaction between civilian and military actors in humanitarian emergencies necessary to protect and promote humanitarian principles, avoid competition, minimize inconsistency, and when appropriate pursue common goals. Credit: Getty Images

The key elements of successful CMCoord are: CMCoord: How do we do it? INFORMATION SHARING PLANNING TASK DIVISION

UN CMCoord WHY DO WE NEED TO DO IT? Credit: WFP/Simon Crittle  Help preserve ‘humanitarian space’.  Ensure appropriate relationship between humanitarian and military/armed actors.  Facilitate a coherent and consistent humanitarian approach to military actors.  Ensure appropriate and timely use of foreign and/or national military assets to support humanitarian operations.  Ensure consistency of relief efforts.

UN-CMCoord Strategies and Liaison

UN-CMCOORD SPECTRUM OF STRATEGIES Coordination Cooperation Planning Task Division Information Sharing Co-existence Information Sharing Task Division Planning

COOPERATIONCOEXISTENCE HUM MIL HUM MIL LO HUM MIL LO HUM MIL UN- CMCOORD Co-LocationLiaison ExchangeLimited LiaisonInterlocutor UN-CMCoord focuses on improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the combined efforts UN-CMCoord focuses on minimizing competition and de- confliction Coordination (essential dialogue and interaction) UN-CMCoord basic strategy ranges from Co-existence to Cooperation. In either side of the spectrum and in between, COORDINATION is necessary in order to protect and promote humanitarian principles, avoid competition and minimize inconsistency Peace Time DeploymentPeace KeepingPeace enforcementCombat UN-CMCoord Strategy, Methods & Structures

Liaison: Co-location Co-location is one form of humanitarian civil-military coordination and often used in disaster response operations. HUM MIL Co-Location HAITI CASE STUDY Joint Operations and Tasking Centre (JOTC), established by MINUSTAH in partnership with OCHA HAIYAN CASE STUDY The liaison strategy set up in Roxas for the Haiyan response was Co-location STRATEGY OF COOPERATION

Increasing Humanitarian Civil- Military Coordination Effectiveness centralized de-centralised co-location liaison H L M M Civil-Military Effectiveness related to military decision-making processes and the coordination strategy aiming at maximising:  support to the effected population  support to humanitarian needs and priorities  speed of critical relief delivery and minimising:  competition

Credit: US Navy

Scope: Response to natural, technological and environmental emergencies in peacetime.

 Humanitarian Principles  Respect for the sovereignty of states  At the request/ with the consent of the Affected State  Last Resort  At no cost  Complementing existing relief mechanisms  Avoid becoming dependent on military resources Principles and Concepts

Part I UN-CMCoord Regional Perspectives

2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami 2008 Cyclone Nargis 2009 Typhoon Ketsana (“Ondoy”) Typhoon Parma (“Pepeng”) 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami 2013 Typhoon Haiyan (“Yolanda”) ?

APC MADRO GUIDELINES  Military in Asia-Pacific Countries: first capabilities  Centrality of the Affected State  Role of Regional Organizations  Bilateral vs Multilateral coordination  Military-Military collaboration

APC MADRO GUIDELINES. The structure of any civil-military coordination mechanism will be dependent on the Affected State's national structure and unique circumstances. Any civil-military coordination center to be activated as part of an international disaster response, will support the NDMO and work under its direction. Coordination mechanisms may be established through liaison arrangements between a civil-military operations centre and the humanitarian community, or through the placement of military liaison staff in humanitarian coordinating structures (or vice-versa). Depending on the operational context, the establishment of an integrated Humanitarian-Military Operations Coordination Centre (HuMOCC) led by the NDMO, might be appropriate and represent the preferred option

Humanitarian-Military Operations Coordination Centre (HuMOCC) Request for Assistance (RFA) Procedural Flow

in COORDINATED OPERATIONAL PLANNING Improve the speed of delivery and volume of critical assistance; Ensure a cohesive civil-military effort in disaster relief operations with all actors understanding their role; Build trust and understanding and create synergy between different actors; Maximize the use of available resources for known large-scale emergencies in the Asia-Pacific region. Unlocking the Potential to Save Lives!!

Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Workshop Activation of civil-military coordination mechanisms Coordination of humanitarian and military response preparedness planning processes and concepts of operations Five high-priority countries Bangladesh, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal and the Philippines

Regional Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination

UN-CMCoord – Asia and the Pacific

Guide for the Military, to explain the humanitarian community, how it operates and how the military can best interact with, support and complement humanitarian action.

UN-CMCoord Case Study From Haiyan to Hagupit

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UN-CMCoord After Action Review

Establish a humanitarian civil-military coordination mechanism at national level Recommendation 1

National Government Coordinating Mechanisms Issued regular updates thru AHA Ctr in Mla and Tacloban, Activated DELSA in Malaysia Established ICT in Tacloban 57 Contributing countries 29 Countries with Military contingents Deployed CMCord Officers at Nat’l and Tac Level and Log Cluster Created OSOCC and Process Flow for assistance/donors and log support Established Cord Hubs for donors and Media Coverages

AFP Coordinating Mechanism National Level

Recommendation 2 Institutionalize a humanitarian civil-military coordination capacity in domestic and international rapid response mechanisms

Best Practices on Disaster Response AFP Level Heightened situational awareness lead to activation of TFs, coordination with DRRMCs at all levels, prepositioning of troops and equipment; MNCC was instrumental in identifying prioritized areas and gaps in disaster response, coordination and synchronization in distribution of relief goods and services; provided overall direction for Foreign Military Assistance. Establishment of Logistics Hubs, in areas directly affected, facilitated delivery of relief goods and services from International organizations and other donor agencies;

34 Guidance on the Use of Foreign Military and Civil Defence Assets MCDA must complement civilian capabilities; Must be used for a specific request; Must be used for limited duration only; Must provide unique advantage; Must be provided at no cost to Affected State.

Deploy FMA with competent Liaison Officers Recommendation 3

Co-Location Recommendation 4 Adopt a co-location strategy (as appropriate) for humanitarian civil-military-police coordination

37 Best Practice Functions:  Liaison and coordination for civil-military and other actors;  Receive, validate and coordinate requests;  Venue for information sharing;  Venue: Provincial Capitol, Capiz:

Establish a simple transparent tracking system Recommendation 5

39 Tracking System Foreign Military Assets

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Recommendations 6 Invest in Humanitarian Civil-Military Capacity Building

Did We Learn our Lessons

Best Practices in Hagupit: Civil-Military Coordination AFP in support of Disaster Management Offices (NDRRMC, OCD and LGU); Activation of MNCC; co-location of Government and humanitarian actors; Enhanced preparedness: prepositioning of AFP troops and Equipment to Eastern Visayas (SAR, Engineering and Medical Teams); prepositioning of relief goods on board naval vessels; C-130s ready to airlift goods and people; Coordinated preparedness planning: prior coordination with Foreign Military Forces (US PACOM) and international community; UNDAC Team deployed to Manila with dedicated UN-CMCoord Officers; Advance designation of basing facilities for Foreign Military Assets.

To define United Nations Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination (UN-CMCoord); To explain the UN-CMCoord strategies and liaison options; To discuss UN-CMCoord in the Asia-Pacific region. SESSION OBJECTIVES

Thank you