Management Information Systems Foundations of Information Systems Ismiarta Aknuranda Informatika UB

1-2 Case Study: NFO & TalkCity  NFO Research –Market research giant –Focus group discussions  TalkCity –Online chat innovator –Collaborate with NFO –From traditional to online focus groups Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-3 Case Study: NFO & TalkCity  Traditional focus group –Prescreened group –Conference room and one-way mirror –Video camera recording –Transcript created from tape  Online focus group –Potential members invited by –Accepting members receive a URL, username & password to access TalkCity’s website –Synchronous moderated discussion –Each of 5-25 participant logged in at a scheduled time for minutes Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-4 Case Study: NFO & TalkCity  Case study questions –What are the benefits and limitations of using IT to transform traditional focus groups to online focus groups? –How can you further improve the online focus group using innovation or advances in IT? Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-5 Foundation Concepts  Why study information systems and information technology? –Vital component of successful businesses –Improves efficiency and effectiveness of business processes –Facilitates managerial decision making and workgroup collaboration –Helps businesses expand and compete Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-6 What is a System?  A set of interrelated components  With a clearly defined boundary  Working together  To achieve a common set of objectives ...  By accepting inputs and producing output  In an organized transformation process Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-7 Basic Functions of a System  Input –Capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed  Processing –Transformation process that converts input into output  Output –Transferring transformed elements to their ultimate destination Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-8 Cybernetic System  All systems have input, processing, and output  A cybernetic system, a self-monitoring, self-regulating system, adds feedback and control: –Feedback is data about the performance of a system –Control involves monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine whether a system is moving toward the achievement of its goal Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-9 A Cybernetic System Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-10 A Business as a System Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-11 Other System Characteristics  If a system is one of the components of a larger system, it is a subsystem –The larger system is an environment  Several systems may share the same environment –Some may be connected via a shared boundary, or interface Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-12 Other System Characteristics  Types of systems –Open:  Interact with other systems in its environment –Adaptive  Able to change itself or its environment in order to survive Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-13 What is an Information System?  An organized combination of… –People –Hardware and software –Communication networks –Data resources –Policies and procedures  This system… –Stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-14 Value of People and Information All the value of this company is in its people. If you burned all our plants, and we just keep our people and our information, we should be soon as strong as ever. Thomas Watson, Jr. Former chairman of IBM Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-15 Information Technologies  Information Systems –All the components and resources necessary to deliver information and functions to the organization –Could be paper based  Information Technologies –Hardware, software, networking, data management  Our focus will be on computer-based information systems (CBIS) Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-16 Components of an IS Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-17 Information System Resources  People Resources –Specialists –End users  Hardware Resources –Machines –Media  Software Resources –Programs –Procedures Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-18 Information System Resources  Data Resources –Product descriptions, customer records, employee files, inventory databases  Network Resources –Communications media, communications processors, network access and control software  Information Resources –Management reports and business documents using text and graphics displays, audio responses, and paper forms Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-19 Data VS Information  Data are raw facts about physical phenomena or business transactions  Information is data that has been converted into meaningful and useful context for end users  Examples: –Sales data is names, quantities, and dollar amounts –Sales information is amount of sales by product type, sales territory, or salesperson Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-20 IS Activities  Input of data resources –Data entry activities  Processing of data into information –Calculations, comparisons, sorting, and so on  Output of information products –Messages, reports, forms, graphic images  Storage of data resources –Data elements and databases  Control of system performance –Monitoring and evaluating feedback Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-21 Recognizing Information Systems  Business professionals should be able to look at an information system and identify… –The people, hardware, software, data, and network resources they use –The type of information products they produce –The way they perform input, processing, output, storage, and control activities Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-22 Fundamental Roles of IS in Business Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-23 Levels of Management Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed Top Middle First line

1-24 Basic Functions of Manager  Planning –Strategy plan, operations plan, techniques, guidance, schedule  Organising, coordinating –Authority, tasks, and resources allocation, organisation, and coordination to achieve objectives –Organisation design & staffing  Actuating, leading –Directing, influencing, motivating members to succesfully complete tasks  Controlling –Ensuring the real activities go according to plan –Process and product measurement Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-25 Basic Management Skills  Conceptual skills –Mental ability to coordinate and integrate organisational tasks and activities –Ability to perceive organisation as a whole and understand its inter related elements  Interpersonal skills –Ability to work as a team with other members –Ability to motivate others  Technical skills –Ability to use procedures, technique, and knowledge in specific areas to complete tasks Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed

1-26 Trends in Information Systems Foundations of IS – Adopted and adapted from O'Brien 8th Ed