GSM TOWARDS LTE NETWORKS Lecture # 6

LTE

Many names ... LTE - Long Term Evolution Introduction Many names ... LTE - Long Term Evolution  eUTRAN SAE - System Architecture Evolution  EPS (Evolved Packet System) LTE/SAE

What is 3GPP? 3GPP stands for 3rd Generation Partnership Project It is a partnership of 6 regional SDOs (Standards Development Organizations) Japan USA These SDOs take 3GPP specifications and transpose them to regional standards

Towards LTE

LTE Access Downlink: OFDM Uplink: SC-FDMA Diversity Beam-forming LTE radio access Downlink: OFDM Uplink: SC-FDMA Advanced antenna solutions Diversity Beam-forming Multi-layer transmission (MIMO) Spectrum flexibility Flexible bandwidth New and existing bands Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD SC-FDMA OFDMA TX 20 MHz 1.4 MHz

Terminology Updates EPC = Evolved Packet core (earlier SAE=System Architecture Evolution). e UTRAN = Evolved UTRAN (earlier LTERAN = Long Term Evolution). EPS = Evolved Packet Systems including EPC and Terminals.

LTE Offer’s Performance and capacity DL 100 Mbps AND UL 50 Mbps Simplicity Flexible Bandwidths (5Mhz-20Mhz), FDD and TDD plug-and-play Devices self-configuration Devices self-optimization Devices

LTE (Long Term Evolution) Radio Side (LTE – Long Term Evolution) Improvements in spectral efficiency, user throughput, latency Simplification of the radio network Efficient support of packet based services Network Side (SAE – System Architecture Evolution) Improvement in latency, capacity, throughput Simplification of the core network Optimization for IP traffic and services Simplified support and handover to non-3GPP access technologies

LTE Objectives Improve spectrum efficiency ( e.g. 2-4 x Rel6) Reduced cost per bit Improve spectrum efficiency ( e.g. 2-4 x Rel6) Reduce cost of backhaul (transmission in UTRAN) Increased service provisioning – more services at lower cost with better user experience Focus on delivery of services utilising ”IP” Reduce setup time and round trip time Increase the support of QoS for the various types of services (e.g. Voice over IP) Increase peak bit rate (e.g. above 100Mbps DL and above 50Mbps UL) Allow for reasonable terminal power consumption

Evolution Path Architecture The pay load is to be directed to a tunnel (eUTRAN) Payload goes directly from the evolved node B to the Gateway Control plane is directed at the Mobility management end. LTE

LTE Architecture MME = Mobility Management Entity Gb Iu GERAN UTRAN 3G 2G LTE RAN LTE Non-3GPP MME/ UPE SGi IP networks S3 S4 S5a S6 S7 S1 S2 ”EVOLVED PACKET CORE” MME = Mobility Management Entity IASA = Inter-Access System Anchor PCRF HSS SGSN 3GPP Anchor SAE Anchor S5b IASA

Core Nodes of LTE Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) - to provide connections for GERAN (GSM Radio Access Network) and UTRAN Networks (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) Serving Gateway - to terminate the interface toward the 3GPP radio-access networks PDN Gateway - to control IP data services like routing, addressing, policy enforcing and providing access to non-3GPP access networks Mobility Management Entity (MME) - to manage control plane context, authentication and authorization 3GPP anchor - to manage mobility for 2G/3G and LTE systems SAE anchor - to manage mobility for non 3GPP RATs Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) - to manage Quality of Service (QoS) aspects

From 3GPP to LTE/SAE Non-3GPP access 2G 3G LTE IP networks The PDN and Serving GW may be separate nodes in some scenarios (S5 in-between) IP networks Only PS Domain shown HLR/HSS SGi PCRF Gr S6a S7 S4 PDN GW Serving GW SGSN MME S11 Non-3GPP access S2a/b S3 S10 Gb Iu CP Iu UP S1-MME S1-U BSC RNC Iur eNodeB X2 BTS Node B 2G 3G LTE PDN Gateway - to control IP data services like routing, addressing, policy enforcing and providing access to non-3GPP access networks

MME Functionality Roaming (S6a towards home HSS) Authentication SAE CN Architecture MME Functionality SGi MME S1-MME S1-U S11 X2 S10 eNodeB S3 S4 SGSN SAE GW Roaming (S6a towards home HSS) Authentication SAE GW selection Idle mode mobility handling Tracking Area Update Paging Mobility handling of inter-MME (pool) handover (triggered by eNodeB) inter-RAT handover (triggered by eNodeB) QoS “negotiation” with UE and eNodeB Security Ciphering and integrity protection of NAS signalling Secure control signalling transport on S1 interface (unless taken care of by a SEG (Security Gateway)) O&M security (?)

SAE GW Functionality … SAE CN Architecture SAE GW PDN SAE GW: SGi MME S1-MME S1-U S11 X2 S10 eNodeB S3 S4 SGSN SAE GW PDN SAE GW: Policy Enforcement Per-user based packet filtering (by e.g. deep packet inspection) Charging Support User plane anchor point for mobility between 3GPP accesses and non-3GPP accesses routing of user data towards the S-GW Security O&M security (?) Lawful Intercept Serving SAE GW: User plane anchor point for inter-eNB handover (within one pool) User plane anchor point for inter-3GPP mobility routing of user data towards the eNodeB routing of user data towards the P-GW routing of user data towards the SGSN (2G and 3G) or RNC (3G with “Direct Tunnel”) Secure user data transport on S1 interface (unless taken care of by a SEG (Security Gateway)) The PDN SAE GW and the Serving SAE GW may be implemented in one physical node or separated physical nodes. …

Why LTE/SAE? Driving Factors for LTE/SAE Introduction Why LTE/SAE? Driving Factors for LTE/SAE Ensuring that 3G is attractive in comparison with competing technologies (WiFi, WiMax, Flarion, …) LTE/SAE architecture Competing technologies looks simpler (fewer nodes) OPEX (fewer node types to manage) Significantly increased peak data rate Competing technologies provide higher data rates End-user experience Reduced user plane latency Necessary to achieve increased data rates Significantly reduced control plane latency Perception Improved Performance (compared to WCDMA)

LTE – Performance Targets Introduction LTE – Performance Targets High data rates Downlink: >100 Mbps Uplink: >50 Mbps Cell-edge data rates 2-3 x HSPA Rel. 6 (@ 2006) Low delay/latency User plane RTT: Less than 10 ms ( RAN RTT ) Channel set-up: Less than 100 ms ( idle-to-active ) High spectral efficiency Targeting 3 X HSPA Rel. 6 (@ 2006 ) High performance for broadcast services Spectrum flexibility Operation in a wide-range of spectrum allocations Wide range of Bandwidth Support for FDD, Half-duplex FDD and TDD Modes Cost-effective migration from current/future 3G systems Focus on services from the packet-switched domain !

LTE/SAE Architecture

LTE/SAE Architecture LTE/SAE Architecture (release 8) Functional changes compared to the current UMTS Architecture Moving all RNC functions to the Node B … …, SGSN CP functions to the MME, and GGSN functions to the SAE GW. GGSN P-GW S-GW PDN GateWay Serving GateWay SGSN MME Mobility Management Entity (not user plane functions) RNC Node B / HSPA eNodeB

LTE Architecture Evolved Packet Core MME/UPE = Mobility Management Entity/User Plane Entity eNB = eNodeB

Evolved Packet Switching Network Architecture P-GW/S-GW P-GW/S-GW P-GW/S-GW P-GW/S-GW E P C Interfaces MME MME MME S11 S1-Cp X2 Gi EUTRAN LTE NODE B LTE NODE B LTE NODE B LTE NODE B LTE NODE B Air Interface

LTE/SAE Architecture Main SAE interfaces (non-roaming case) SAE CN Architecture LTE/SAE Architecture Main SAE interfaces (non-roaming case) IP networks S1-MME: control plane protocol between eNodeB and MME S1-U: user plane tunneling interface between eNodeB and Serving GW S5: user plane tunneling interface between Serving GW and PDN GW S8: user plane tunneling interface between Serving GW and PDN GW for roaming S10: control plane interface between MME and MME S11: control plane interface between MME and Serving GW. S4: *) user plane tunneling interface between SGSN and PDN GW S3: *) control plane interface between MME and SGSN. O&M interfaces: OSS-RC – MME OSS-RC – SAE GW OSS-RC (SGi) SGi SAE GW (in some use cases only) SAE GW S5/S8 S4 SGSN MME S3 S11 S10 S1-MME S1-U eNodeB X2 Note: Interfaces non-3GPP accesses not covered.

2G Towards 3G Networks 2G 3G IP networks Only PS Domain shown HLR PCRF Gr Gx Gn Gn GGSN SGSN Gb Iu Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) - to manage Quality of Service (QoS) aspects BSC RNC Iur BTS Node B 2G 3G

HSPA (Higher Speed Packet Access) IP networks Only PS Domain shown HLR/HSS Gi PCRF Gr Gx Gn GGSN SGSN Optimizing the 3G/HSPA payload plane for Broadband traffic Gb Iu CP Iu UP 10 Mb/s BSC RNC Iur BTS Node B 2G 3G

A flat architecture for optimized performance and cost efficiency LTE/SAE Architecture From 3GPP Release 6 to LTE/SAE Improving performance with LTE/SAE; 3GPP Release 8 (Additions/changes in red.) The PDN and Serving GW may be separate nodes in some scenarios (S5 in-between) IP networks Only PS Domain shown HLR/HSS SGi PCRF Gr S6a S7 S4 PDN GW Serving GW SGSN MME S11 Non-3GPP access S2a/b S3 S10 Gb Iu CP Iu UP S1-MME S1-U BSC RNC Iur eNodeB X2 BTS Node B 2G 3G LTE A flat architecture for optimized performance and cost efficiency

LTE/SAE Architecture Product dimension PA/DU Core & IMS IP networks HLR/HSS HLR/HSS SGi ”HLR/HSS” PCRF PCRF Gr S6a PDN GW Serving GW EPC S7 S4 PDN GW Serving GW SGSN SGSN MME MME S11 S2a/b S3 ”Mobility Server” ”Gateway” S10 Gb Iu CP Iu UP S1-MME S1-U PA/DU Radio RBS BSC RNC Iur eNode B eNodeB X2 BTS Node B Non-3GPP access 2G 3G LTE OSS

Comparison with Speed 40-100Mbps Fiber like speed on mobile True high-speed mobile data Full-motion HD video anywhere Stream any content Mobile peer2peer & Web 2.0 (Networking) Triple play EDGE ADSL EVDO-A HSDPA ADSL-2+ LTE Fiber Mbps

Comparison Cost Spectral efficiency Better utilization of spectrum available Low frequency, Advanced Receivers and Smart Antenna For improved coverage and reduced cost of ownership Increased Capacity Much higher user and sector throughput for lower individual cost service delivery Simpler RAN, IP Core & Centralized service delivery Fewer nodes & interfaces (Node- B/RNC/Gateway) One Network & IMS for all access technologies Connect to legacy cores Existing network asset investment protection 3GPP/2 Market traction Economy of scale $ UMTS rel.99 voice call cost 10% LTE VoIP cost* Predicted LTE VoIP voice call cost* - Sound Partners Limited Research 3GPP subscribers 85% market share

Response Time 10-5msec latency Improved user experience Highly Responsive Multimedia Improved user experience Fast VoIP call set-up Instantaneous web pages Streaming fast buffering Online mobile gaming EDGE ADSL EVDO-A HSDPA ADSL-2+ LTE Fiber

LTE Time Line

Mobile broadband speed evolution LTE Evolution LTE HSPA Evolution Key Messages; The technologies are here Mobile radio access technologies are already well capable of delivering a broadband experience A well coordinated standardization ensures mass adoption & economies of scale This is a global effort Users have taken HSPA to their hearts since HSPA delivers true broadband Today almost 40 ops offering user speeds of 7 Mbps In Geneva at the WRC (October-November 2007) we measured over 6 Mbps while driving in a car, and close to 1.4 Mbps uplink at the convention center – which is better than common fixed broadband HSPA is already here and has a steady roadmap and is future proof Suppliers like Ericsson are committed to future development Ericsson will release 28 Mbps end of 2008 going for 42 Mbps during 2009 We have already demoed 160 Mbps on LTE where commercial products will be released 2009 LTE is a natural evolution of HSPA and will coexist with HSPA for a long time – HSPA will be the broadband wide area coverage and LTE will provide capacity and speeds in densely populated regions when needed + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Additional Information about HSPA & LTE Ericsson conducted the world's first demonstration of end-to-end HSPA Evolution technology with speeds of up to 42 Mbps at CTIA Wireless 2008, held in Las Vegas from April 1 to 3 Speeds of up to 42 Mbps represent the next phase in HSPA Evolution. These speeds are achieved by combining new higher order modulation technology (64QAM), together with 2x2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technology. The first step of the HSPA evolution will be introduced during 2008 Different terminal classes are being defined for LTE and it looks like around 150 Mbps will be one of the supported classes. (In our press releases we have communicated 160 Mbps for LTE.) And, it does not stop there. In the future, HSPA can achieve higher bit rates (80-160 Mbps downlink and 20-40 Mbps uplink with multicarrier solutions). Also LTE has an impressive speed evolution - it will easily reach >300 Mbps with 20 MHz spectrum, and with 100 MHz spectrum well over 1 Gbps can be achieved. Interoperability GSM/HSPA/LTE Since these technologies are all from the same family, handover and interoperability between GSM, HSPA and LTE will be secured, the user will thus never be out of coverage. HSPA 3G- R’99 Target Peak rate 384 kbps 3.6 Mbps 7/14 Mbps 21/28/42 Mbps ~150 Mbps 1 Gbps 2002 2005 2007 2008/2009 2009 2013

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