The Humanitarian Community MPAT Tempest Express – March 2008 Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Humanitarian Community: Objectives Objectives: Discuss the responsibilities, mandates & operations of: The host nation; The host nation; The United Nations and its agencies & offices; The United Nations and its agencies & offices; International Organizations; International Organizations; The Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement Societies; The Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement Societies; Non-governmental Organizations; & Non-governmental Organizations; & Donors. Donors.

Humanitarian Community: Objectives Objectives: Discuss the responsibilities, mandates & operations of:  The host nation; The United Nations and its agencies & offices; The United Nations and its agencies & offices; International Organizations; International Organizations; The Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement Societies; The Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement Societies; Non-governmental Organizations; & Non-governmental Organizations; & Donors. Donors.

Host Nation Need for Assistance Emergency Relief Phase Transition Point Recovery / Development Crisis International Civilian Relief International Military and Civil Defence Relief Local / National Response Capacity building UN OCHA, Modified

Host Nation Ross Sovann, Disaster Management Advisor to the National Committee for Disaster Management

Humanitarian Community: Objectives Objectives: Discuss the responsibilities, mandates & operations of: The host nation; The host nation;  The United Nations and its agencies & offices; International Organizations; International Organizations; The Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement Societies; The Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement Societies; Non-governmental Organizations; & Non-governmental Organizations; & Donors. Donors.

UN Agencies, Offices & Programmes UNHCR – UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF – UN Children’s Fund WFP – World Food Programme UNJLC – UN Joint Logistics Centre UNDP – UN Development Programme

UN Agencies, Offices & Programmes UNHCR – UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF – UN Children’s Fund WFP – World Food Programme UNJLC – UN Joint Logistics Centre UNDP – UN Development Programme WHO – World Health Organization OHCHR – UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights UNFPA– UN Population Fund OCHA – UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

Humanitarian Community: Objectives Objectives: Discuss the responsibilities, mandates & operations of: The host nation; The host nation; The United Nations and its agencies & offices; The United Nations and its agencies & offices;  International Organizations; The Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement Societies; The Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement Societies; Non-governmental Organizations; & Non-governmental Organizations; & Donors. Donors.

International Organizations International Organization for Migration International organization with 120 member states; International organization with 120 member states; Leading international agency dealing with migration issues: Leading international agency dealing with migration issues: Advance understanding of migration issues; Advance understanding of migration issues; Encourage social and economic development through migration; Encourage social and economic development through migration; Uphold human dignity and well-being of migrants. Uphold human dignity and well-being of migrants.

Humanitarian Community: Objectives Objectives: Discuss the responsibilities, mandates & operations of: The host nation; The host nation; The United Nations and its agencies & offices; The United Nations and its agencies & offices; International Organizations; International Organizations;  The Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement Societies; Non-governmental Organizations; & Non-governmental Organizations; & Donors. Donors.

Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement 3 distinct entities: ICRC – International Committee of the Red Cross; ICRC – International Committee of the Red Cross; IFRC – International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies; IFRC – International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies; National Red Cross / Red Crescent Societies. National Red Cross / Red Crescent Societies.

ICRC ICRC – International Committee of the Red Cross Mandate - To protect and assist the victims of armed conflict; Mandate - To protect and assist the victims of armed conflict; Protect POWs, detainees & civilians, tracing of missing persons, family reunification, humanitarian relief; Protect POWs, detainees & civilians, tracing of missing persons, family reunification, humanitarian relief; Mandate conferred under 1949 Geneva Conventions & 1977 Protocols, and ICRC Statutes. Mandate conferred under 1949 Geneva Conventions & 1977 Protocols, and ICRC Statutes. - Prison visits; - Tracing missing persons; - Safe water, food and medical assistance; - Family reunification; - Promoting IHL; ICRC

IFRC IFRC – International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Founded in 1919; Founded in 1919; Consists of 186 national societies, a Secretariat and 60+ delegations worldwide; Consists of 186 national societies, a Secretariat and 60+ delegations worldwide; Works with & assists national societies with: Works with & assists national societies with: - Promoting humanitarian principles & values; - Disaster preparedness; - Health & care in the community. - Disaster response; - Guidelines on International Disaster Responses IFRC

National Red Cross / Red Crescent Societies National Societies 186 National Red Cross or Red Crescent societies; 186 National Red Cross or Red Crescent societies; 1 national society in a country – either Red Cross or Red Crescent: 1 national society in a country – either Red Cross or Red Crescent: Auxiliaries to public authorities in their country: Auxiliaries to public authorities in their country: - Membership open to all without discrimination; - Work throughout the country; - Promoting humanitarian principles & values; - Disaster preparedness; - Disaster response; - Health & care in the community. CRC

Humanitarian Community: Objectives Objectives: Discuss the responsibilities, mandates & operations of: The host nation; The host nation; The United Nations and its agencies & offices; The United Nations and its agencies & offices; International Organizations; International Organizations; The Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement Societies; The Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement Societies;  Non-governmental Organizations; & Donors. Donors.

NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations – NGOs Not an agencies of a government or UN; Not an agencies of a government or UN; Private humanitarian organizations established by individual charters; Private humanitarian organizations established by individual charters; Diverse in size, organization, motive, resources, function and mission; Diverse in size, organization, motive, resources, function and mission; Funded by grants or private donations; Funded by grants or private donations; National or international; National or international; Essential to humanitarian operations: Essential to humanitarian operations: Implementing partners for UN and donor government projects Implementing partners for UN and donor government projects One of first responders to arrive, last to leave One of first responders to arrive, last to leave Primary “on-the-ground” humanitarian actors Primary “on-the-ground” humanitarian actors Save the Children International

NGOs Weaknesses: Not a homogenous system; Not a homogenous system; Lack of collaboration; Lack of collaboration; Small size; Small size; Identify projects in areas of expertise; Identify projects in areas of expertise; Donor dependent; Donor dependent; Government funding can erode independence. Government funding can erode independence. Strengths: Critical recipient level humanitarian work; Small size = less bureaucracy, cheaper & more effective; Increased scope & independence; Access to local knowledge; Non-partisanship essential to security; Work protected by international convention. Oxfam

Humanitarian Community: Objectives Objectives: Discuss the responsibilities, mandates & operations of: The host nation; The host nation; The United Nations and its agencies & offices; The United Nations and its agencies & offices; International Organizations; International Organizations; The Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement Societies; The Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement Societies; Non-governmental Organizations; & Non-governmental Organizations; & Donors. Donors.

Donors Donors UN & other internationalorganizations International NGOs National NGOs

Donors: Agencies & Sources Major Donors: AusAID – Australian Council for International Aid AusAID – Australian Council for International Aid CIDA – Canadian International Development Agency CIDA – Canadian International Development Agency DfID – UK Dept. for International Development DfID – UK Dept. for International Development ECHO – European Community Humanitarian Office ECHO – European Community Humanitarian Office JICA – Japanese International Cooperation Agency JICA – Japanese International Cooperation Agency USAID – United States Agency for International Development USAID – United States Agency for International Development Private donations Private donations

Humanitarian Community: Objectives Objectives: Discuss the responsibilities, mandates & operations of: The host nation; The host nation; The United Nations and its agencies & offices; The United Nations and its agencies & offices; International Organizations; International Organizations; The Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement Societies; The Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement Societies; Non-governmental Organizations; & Non-governmental Organizations; & Donors. Donors.

Humanitarian Community Questions? MSF