Michael Quiñones, NBCT Early Expansion and Establishment of the United States as an International Power Early Expansion and Establishment of the United States as an International Power

Objective 1.02 Analyze the political freedoms available to certain groups in the United States to 1820

Macro Concepts Diversity-the nature of cultural, racial, economic and ethnic variety within a society. Power- authority of a government to carry out the law. Status-the economic and social order of a person that defines the amount of opportunity and power he/she has. Micro Concepts Suffrage-the right of citizens to vote in elections. Citizenship-the right and privileges of citizens within a nation. Class-a set of standards that define a group of people based on education, wealth and upbringing. Race and ethnicity-the genetic and cultural traits of a group of people that makes the group unique and distinct. Gender-the sex characteristics of a human being [male or female].

Suffrage Requirements Suffrage is the term used to describe voting. Suffrage is the term used to describe voting. Suffrage=voting! Suffrage=voting! In the early United States only wealthy landowners were permitted to vote. In the early United States only wealthy landowners were permitted to vote. Citizens had to own large tracts of land in order to vote in important elections. Citizens had to own large tracts of land in order to vote in important elections. People such as George Washington and Thomas Jefferson. People such as George Washington and Thomas Jefferson.

Abigail Adams and Women’s Rights Mrs. Adams was the wife of president John Adams. Mrs. Adams was the wife of president John Adams. She was an advocate [defender/supporter] of women’s rights. She was an advocate [defender/supporter] of women’s rights. She believed women should have full suffrage rights and should not follow the strict rules of their husbands. She believed women should have full suffrage rights and should not follow the strict rules of their husbands.

Westward Expansion After Jefferson became president he wanted to expand the United States. After Jefferson became president he wanted to expand the United States. He was able to negotiate the Louisiana Purchase from France for several million dollars. He was able to negotiate the Louisiana Purchase from France for several million dollars. In the way of settling the area were large numbers of Native tribes [at that time called Indians]. In the way of settling the area were large numbers of Native tribes [at that time called Indians]. The tribes were all separate from each other but decided to eventually unite to fight the Americans. The tribes were all separate from each other but decided to eventually unite to fight the Americans.

Tecumseh A Shawnee chief named Tecumseh was clever enough to convince the different tribes to unite. A Shawnee chief named Tecumseh was clever enough to convince the different tribes to unite. Tecumseh was a very engaging and charismatic speaker according to recorded history. Tecumseh was a very engaging and charismatic speaker according to recorded history.very engaging and charismaticvery engaging and charismatic The tribes united into a strong enough force that they were able to win many battles and American respect. The tribes united into a strong enough force that they were able to win many battles and American respect. The United States did not want to continuously face such large forces so it signed the Treaty of Greenville which gave the tribes a yearly payment of $10,000 in exchange for land in Ohio and Indiana. The United States did not want to continuously face such large forces so it signed the Treaty of Greenville which gave the tribes a yearly payment of $10,000 in exchange for land in Ohio and Indiana.

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Objective 1.03 Assessing commercial and diplomatic relationships with Britain, France and other nations

Macro Concepts Conflict-problem or issue that is controversial and can cause problems without compromise. Power- authority of a government to carry out the law. Revolution-complete change and alteration in the way something is done. Micro Concepts Foreign policy-set of goals and strategies a nation uses to relate to countries outside its borders. Neutrality-act of not favoring or taking sides in a dispute [especially as a third party between 2 foreign nations]. Trade-act of buying goods and/or selling goods [especially with/to foreign nations] Diplomacy-act of establishing and maintaining favorable relations with foreign nations. Impressment-act of forcing persons to serve in a navy against their will.

The War of 1812 This war was A.K.A. the Anglo- American War of This war was A.K.A. the Anglo- American War of This was a 3-year war between the U.S. and England. This was a 3-year war between the U.S. and England. The U.S. was able to defeat England for several reasons: [a] England was far from home [b] England was fighting France too [c] America was more determined. The U.S. was able to defeat England for several reasons: [a] England was far from home [b] England was fighting France too [c] America was more determined. Causes of the War [1] England was capturing and impressing American sailors. [2] England was mad that the U.S. stopped trading/embargoed with them Non-Intercourse Act. [3] The U.S. War Hawks provoked the U.S. into wanting to go to war. [4] Americans believed Native- Americans were attacking them because England was bribing them.

Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality In 1793 the United States was a very new country. In 1793 the United States was a very new country. France had been a loyal ally for the U.S. as they defeated the British. France had been a loyal ally for the U.S. as they defeated the British. In 1793 France needed America’s help but Washington warned the U.S. against getting involved in other country’s affairs. In 1793 France needed America’s help but Washington warned the U.S. against getting involved in other country’s affairs. Washington believed the United States should remain neutral. Another word for neutral is impartial. Washington believed the United States should remain neutral. Another word for neutral is impartial.

Jay’s Treaty Even though the United States had defeated the British to gain its independence the British kept secret forts on U.S. soil without the Americans knowing. Even though the United States had defeated the British to gain its independence the British kept secret forts on U.S. soil without the Americans knowing. President Washington sent John Jay [the Secretary of State] to England negotiate and avoid a war. President Washington sent John Jay [the Secretary of State] to England negotiate and avoid a war. The agreement reached was not very favorable for America because England still had power to control the sea near the U.S. [Jay was accused of being pro- British]. The agreement reached was not very favorable for America because England still had power to control the sea near the U.S. [Jay was accused of being pro- British]. But…England gave up its American forts and granted the U.S. most favored nation status meaning the U.S. would receive the best prices on goods. But…England gave up its American forts and granted the U.S. most favored nation status meaning the U.S. would receive the best prices on goods.

Pinckney’s Treaty After Jay’s treaty with England Spain and France were nervous America would try to take over their territories in North America. After Jay’s treaty with England Spain and France were nervous America would try to take over their territories in North America. President Washington sent Thomas Pinckney to Spain to negotiate and avoid a war. President Washington sent Thomas Pinckney to Spain to negotiate and avoid a war. Pinckney negotiated the right of the U.S. to use rivers through Spanish and French territory. Pinckney negotiated the right of the U.S. to use rivers through Spanish and French territory.

George Washington’s Farewell Address Address is a fancy word for speech. Address=speech. Address is a fancy word for speech. Address=speech. Before George left the White House as president he warned the nation to avoid: Before George left the White House as president he warned the nation to avoid: [a] sectionalism [North vs. South, East vs. West] [b] political parties [Federalists vs. anti-Federalists] [c] relations with foreign nations [trusting foreign countries]. [a] sectionalism [North vs. South, East vs. West] [b] political parties [Federalists vs. anti-Federalists] [c] relations with foreign nations [trusting foreign countries].

The XYZ Affair After Jay’s Treaty the Americans were worried about a war with France so Washington sent three of his advisers to France. After Jay’s Treaty the Americans were worried about a war with France so Washington sent three of his advisers to France. While the Americans were in France they were approached by 3 “shady” characters who asked them for a bribe of $250,000 plus a loan for $12 million. In exchange, the French agents would allow them to speak to their government. While the Americans were in France they were approached by 3 “shady” characters who asked them for a bribe of $250,000 plus a loan for $12 million. In exchange, the French agents would allow them to speak to their government. The bribe was refused and the U.S. Navy began to seize French ships that were in U.S. waters. The bribe was refused and the U.S. Navy began to seize French ships that were in U.S. waters. After this incident the United States was very suspicious and untrusting of foreign countries. After this incident the United States was very suspicious and untrusting of foreign countries.

Convention of 1800 During the 1790s lots of turmoil was occurring in the U.S. [Whiskey Rebellion, XYZ Affair, Alien and Sedition Acts]. During the 1790s lots of turmoil was occurring in the U.S. [Whiskey Rebellion, XYZ Affair, Alien and Sedition Acts]. Three well known candidates were running for president: Adams, Jefferson and Burr. Three well known candidates were running for president: Adams, Jefferson and Burr. None of them was well liked. No candidate received 51% of the popular vote [citizens’ vote]. The election was decided by the U.S. House of Representatives. Thomas Jefferson was selected as president. None of them was well liked. No candidate received 51% of the popular vote [citizens’ vote]. The election was decided by the U.S. House of Representatives. Thomas Jefferson was selected as president.

Embargo Act of 1807 Lots of tension existed between the United States and European countries [England and France] especially in trading goods using ships. Lots of tension existed between the United States and European countries [England and France] especially in trading goods using ships. To avoid retaliating against England and France by using military force the United States decided to halt commerce [stop buying and selling goods] with European countries. To avoid retaliating against England and France by using military force the United States decided to halt commerce [stop buying and selling goods] with European countries. This got Europe’s attention but it hurt American businesses such as farmers because they had fewer customers to sell to. This got Europe’s attention but it hurt American businesses such as farmers because they had fewer customers to sell to.

The War Hawks During the early 1800s England was very aggressive with its ships and was seizing U.S. ships. During the early 1800s England was very aggressive with its ships and was seizing U.S. ships. The Embargo Act was making European countries upset. Jefferson had Congress pass an even stricter law called the Non-Intercourse Act that forbade American trade with Europe. The Embargo Act was making European countries upset. Jefferson had Congress pass an even stricter law called the Non-Intercourse Act that forbade American trade with Europe. The War Hawks wanted the U.S. to declare war on England to make it clear it was capable of protecting itself. The War Hawks wanted the U.S. to declare war on England to make it clear it was capable of protecting itself.

The Battle of New Orleans This was the last major battle of the War of This was the last major battle of the War of General Jackson was the leader of U.S. Forces. General Jackson was the leader of U.S. Forces. The U.S. was able to prevent the British from taking over the land obtained by the Louisiana Purchase [this was huge morale boost for the United States Army]. The U.S. was able to prevent the British from taking over the land obtained by the Louisiana Purchase [this was huge morale boost for the United States Army].

Treaty of Ghent At the end of the War of 1812 England and the United States signed the Treaty of Ghent. At the end of the War of 1812 England and the United States signed the Treaty of Ghent. America was considered a world power after 1812 because it had defeated another great world power (again). America was considered a world power after 1812 because it had defeated another great world power (again).

Impressment Both before and during the War of 1812 British warships were in serious need of personnel to man their ships. Whenever British warships captured foreign sea vessels the captives [especially Americans] were impressed. The purpose of impressment was to both embarrass the captives and staff the British warships so they were able to carry out their missions. This was considered a huge factor that led to the War of 1812?

Adams-Onis Treaty Seminole tribes were raiding towns in Georgia and Alabama and threatening the lives of Americans. Seminole tribes were raiding towns in Georgia and Alabama and threatening the lives of Americans. General Andrew Jackson’s army was able to destroy several Seminole villages in Spanish Florida. General Andrew Jackson’s army was able to destroy several Seminole villages in Spanish Florida. Spain signed an agreement ceding [giving] control of all of Florida and parts of Southern Georgia, Alabama and Louisiana to the U.S. Spain signed an agreement ceding [giving] control of all of Florida and parts of Southern Georgia, Alabama and Louisiana to the U.S.

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