1. Michael Quiñones, NBCT WWW.SOCIALSTUDIESGUY.COM
Early Expansion and Establishment of the United States as an International Power
Michael Quiñones, NBCT

2. Objective 1.02
Analyze the political freedoms available to certain groups in the United States to 1820

3. Macro Concepts Micro Concepts
Diversity-the nature of cultural, racial, economic and ethnic variety within a society.
Power- authority of a government to carry out the law.
Status-the economic and social order of a person that defines the amount of opportunity and power he/she has.
Micro Concepts
Suffrage-the right of citizens to vote in elections.
Citizenship-the right and privileges of citizens within a nation.
Class-a set of standards that define a group of people based on education, wealth and upbringing.
Race and ethnicity-the genetic and cultural traits of a group of people that makes the group unique and distinct.
Gender-the sex characteristics of a human being [male or female].

4. Suffrage Requirements
Suffrage is the term used to describe voting.
Suffrage=voting!
In the early United States only wealthy landowners were permitted to vote.
Citizens had to own large tracts of land to be to vote in important elections.
People such as George Washington and Thomas Jefferson.

5. Abigail Adams and Women’s Rights
Mrs. Adams was the wife of president John Adams.
She was an advocate [defender/supporter] of women’s rights.
She believed should have full suffrage rights and should not follow the strict rules of their husbands.

6. Westward Expansion
After Jefferson became president he wanted to expand the United States.
He was able to negotiate the Louisiana Purchase from France for several million dollars.
In the way of settling the area were large numbers of Native tribes [at that time called Indians].
The tribes were all separate but decided to eventually unite to fight the Americans.

7. Tecumseh
A Shawnee chief named Tecumseh was clever enough to convince the different tribes to unite.
The tribes united into a strong enough force that they were able to win many battles and American respect.
The United States did not want to continuously face such large forces so it signed the Treaty of Greenville which gave the tribes a yearly payment of $10,000 in exchange for land in Ohio and Indiana.

8. Image Sources http://www.earlyamerica.com/portraits/washington.html

9. Objective 1.03
Assessing commercial and diplomatic relationships with Britain, France and other nations

10. Macro Concepts Micro Concepts
Conflict-problem or issue that is controversial and can cause problems without compromise.
Power- authority of a government to carry out the law.
Revolution-complete change and alteration in the way something is done.
Micro Concepts
Foreign policy-set of goals and strategies a nation uses to relate to countries outside its borders.
Neutrality-act of not favoring or taking sides in a dispute [especially as a third party between 2 foreign nations].
Trade-act of buying goods and/or selling goods [especially with/to foreign nations]
Diplomacy-act of establishing and maintaining favorable relations with foreign nations.
Impressment-act of forcing persons to serve in a navy against their will.

11. The War of 1812 Causes of the War
[1] England was capturing and impressing American sailors.
[2] England was mad that the U.S. stopped trading/embargoed with them Non-Intercourse Act.
[3] The U.S. War Hawks provoked the U.S. into wanting to go to war.
[4] Americans believed Native-Americans were attacking them because England was bribing them.
This war was AKA the Anglo-American War of
This was a 3-year war between the U.S. and England.
The U.S. was able defeat England for several reasons: [a] England was far from home [b] England was fighting France too [c] America was more determined.

12. Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality
In 1793 the United States was a very new country.
France had been a loyal ally for the U.S. as they defeated the British.
In 1793 France needed America’s help but Washington warned the U.S. against getting involved in other country’s affairs.
Washington believed the United States should remain neutral. Anther word for neutral is impartial.

13. Jay’s Treaty
Even though the United States has defeated the British to gain its independence the British kept secret forts on U.S. soil.
President Washington sent John Jay [the Secretary of State] to England negotiate and avoid a war.
The agreement settled on was not very favorable for America because England still had power to control the sea near the U.S. [Jay was accused of being pro-British].
England gave up its American forts and granted the U.S. most favored nation status meaning the U.S. would receive the best prices on goods.

14. Pinckney’s Treaty
After Jay’s treaty with England Spain and France were nervous America would try to take their territories in North America.
President Washington sent Thomas Pinckney to Spain to negotiate and avoid a war.
Pinckney negotiated the right of the U.S. to use rivers through Spanish and French territory.

15. George Washington’s Farewell Address
Address is a fancy word for speech. Address=speech.
Before George left the White House as president he warned the nation to avoid: [a] sectionalism [North vs. South, East vs. West [b] political parties [federalists vs. anti-federalists] [c] relations with foreign nations [trusting foreign countries].

16. The XYZ Affair
After Jay’s Treaty the Americans were worried about a war with France so Washington sent three of his advisers to France.
While the Americans were in France they were approached by 3 “shady” characters asked them for a bribe of $250,000 plus a loan for $12 million. In exchange the French agents would allow them to speak to their government.
The bribe was refused and the U.S. Navy began to seize French ships that were in U.S. waters.
After this incident the United States was very suspicious and untrusting of foreign countries.

17. Convention of 1800
During the 1790s lots of turmoil was occurring in the U.S. [Whiskey Rebellion, XYZ Affair, Alien and Sedition Acts].
Three well known candidates were running for president: Adams, Jefferson and Burr .
None of them was very liked. No candidate received 51% of the popular vote [citizens’ vote]. The election was decided by the U.S. House of Representatives. Thomas Jefferson was selected as president.

18. Embargo Act of 1807
Lots of tension between the United States and European countries [England and France] especially in trading goods using ships.
To avoid retaliating against England and France using military force the United States decided to halt commerce [stop buying and selling goods] with European countries.
This got Europe’s attention but it hurt American businesses such as farmers because they had fewer customers to sell to.

19. The War Hawks
During the early 1800s England was very aggressive with its ships and was seizing U.S. ships.
The Embargo Act was making European countries upset. Jefferson had Congress pass an even stricter law called the Non-Intercourse Act forbade American trade with Europe.
The War Hawks wanted the U.S. to declare war on England to make it clear we were capable of protecting ourselves.

20. The Battle of New Orleans
This was the last major battle of the War of 1812.
General Jackson was the leader of U.S. Forces.
The U.S. was able to prevent the British from taking over the land obtained by the Louisiana Purchase [this was huge morale boost for the United States Army].

21. Treaty of Ghent
At the end of the War of 1812 England and the United States signed the Treaty of Ghent.
America was considered a world power after 1812 because they had defeated another great world power.

22. Adams-Onis Treaty
Seminole tribes were raiding towns in Georgia and Alabama and threatening the lives of Americans.
General Andrew Jackson’s army was able to destroy several Seminole villages in Spanish Florida.
Spain signed an agreement ceding [giving] control of all of Florida and parts of Southern Georgia, Alabama and Louisiana to the U.S.

23. Impressment
Both before and during the War of 1812 British warships were in serious need of personnel to man their ships.
Whenever British warships captured foreign sea vessels the captives [especially Americans] were impressed.
The purpose of impressment was to embarrass the captives and staff the British warships so they were able to carry out their missions. This was considered a huge factor that led to the War of 1812?

24. Image Sources