Multiple Myeloma Presented by: Mike Lynch Mike Lynch

Outline of Presentation Multiple myeloma Multiple myeloma Statistics Statistics Causes Causes Symptoms Symptoms Prognosis Prognosis Treatment options Treatment options

Multiple Myeloma (myeloma or plasma cell myeloma) Hematological cancer Hematological cancer Plasma cells Plasma cells –White blood cells –Immune system –Bone marrow

How Plasma Cells Work Develop from stem cells in bone marrow Develop from stem cells in bone marrow Stem cells develop into B cells (B lymphocytes) Stem cells develop into B cells (B lymphocytes) Antigens enter body then B cells develop into plasma cells Antigens enter body then B cells develop into plasma cells Produce antibodies Produce antibodies

Normal Cell (5%)

Myeloma Cells (10%)

What Causes Myeloma Cells To Grow? Adhesion molecules Adhesion molecules Stromal cells Stromal cellsInteractions: –Cytokins (chemical messengers) – Growth factors that promote angiogenesis – Inactivated immune system

Statistics Second most prevalent blood cancer Second most prevalent blood cancer Approximately 1% of all cancers and 2% of all cancer deaths. Approximately 1% of all cancers and 2% of all cancer deaths. 45,000 currently have multiple myeloma 45,000 currently have multiple myeloma 14,600 new cases of myeloma each year. 14,600 new cases of myeloma each year. Responsible for more than 10,000 deaths in the United States annually. Responsible for more than 10,000 deaths in the United States annually. 5 year survival rate 5 year survival rate

Causes Is not known for sure Is not known for sure Decline in the immune system Decline in the immune system Biological factors Biological factors Certain occupations Certain occupations Exposure to certain chemicals Exposure to certain chemicals Exposure to radiation Exposure to radiation Virus Virus

Symptoms Abnormal proteins Abnormal proteins –Blood and urine –Polyclonal to Monoclonal proteins High level of calcium in blood High level of calcium in blood –Excessive thirst and urination –Sleepiness –Constipation –Nausea –Loss of appetite –Mental confusion

Symptoms Continued Anemia Anemia Fatigue Fatigue Bone pain Bone pain –Back –Ribs Unexplained bone fractures Unexplained bone fractures Repeated infections Repeated infections –Pneumonia –Bladder and kidney infection –Urinary tract infection Weight loss Weight loss Weakness and numbness in limbs Weakness and numbness in limbs

Screening and Diagnosis Blood and urine tests Blood and urine tests X-rays X-rays Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Computerized Tomography (CT) Computerized Tomography (CT) Bone marrow examination Bone marrow examination

Staging Stage 1 Stage 1 –Low amount of myeloma Stage 2 Stage 2 –Medium amount of myeloma Stage 3 Stage 3 –High amount of myeloma A –Normal kidney function B –Abnormal kidney function

Treatment Options Chemotherapy Chemotherapy Stem cell transplantation Stem cell transplantation Radiation therapy Radiation therapy Bortezomib (Velcade) Bortezomib (Velcade) Thalidamide Thalidamide

Thank you for your time Any Questions ?