A Cost-Effective Tracking Method in the Healthcare Field James Fasoline Michael Kilgarriff Stephen Miller John Mullen Danielle Siegel Team # 74 Tuesday, October 06, 2015 Technical Advisor: Professor Timothy Kurzweg

Overview Problem Background Project Goals Initial Research Proposed Solution Conclusion

Problem Background Hospitals Babies Nursing Homes Alzheimer’s Left:

Alzheimer’s Disease 4.5 million Americans have Alzheimer’s 5% of people % of people over 85 60% of Alzheimer’s patients get lost during their illness Right:

Project Goals Develop Tracking System –Cost-effective –Reliable –Redundant –Minimal Interference Right:

Initial Research Global Positioning System (GPS) Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) WiFi (802.11) Radio Frequency Identification Left: Middle Left: © 2004 Stephen Miller Middle Right: wireless_laptop01.jpg - Right: © 2004 Stephen Miller

Global Positioning System (GPS) System of 24 satellites and ground stations Time Difference of Arrival Advantages –GPS is a proven technology Disadvantages –Cost –Accuracy Left:

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Time Difference of Arrival Mobile phone tracking –Emergency Services Advantages –Currently in use Disadvantages –Monthly fee –Network availability Top: Bottom: © 2004 Stephen Miller

WiFi (802.11) Wireless Fidelity Popular internet medium Radio Frequency Not currently a tracking method Advantages –Easy, affordable Disadvantages –Signal Obstructions Left: © 2004 Stephen Miller

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Tag Price: $ $10 Used in various fields Advantages –Cost effective Disadvantages –Interrogator cost Left: © 2004 Stephen Miller

Proposed Solution WiFi (802.11) –Relates signal strength to distance RFID –Checkpoints for redundancy Environmental concerns Overall costs Left: Right:

Work Towards Solution Focus on WiFi technology WiFi prototype for tracking Right: © 2004 Stephen Miller

WiFi Prototype 3 Access Points Signal Strength vs. Distance All Images: © 2004 Stephen Miller

Prototype Testing All images © 2004 Stephen Miller

Prototype Testing All Images: © 2004 Stephen Miller Blue: John’s AP Magenta: Steve’s AP Yellow: Danielle’s AP

Prototype Calculations Above: © 2004 Stephen Miller

Perl Script Convert Signal Strength to Distance Find angle based on AP and Laptop Locations Find x- and y-coordinates in XY plane All Images: © 2004 John Mullen

Prototype In Action Location of Access Points Determine position in room Position calculated as laptop moves Top: © 2004 Stephen Miller Bottom Images: © 2004 John Mullen

Conclusion Summary –Tracking using WiFi and RFID for healthcare industry –Signal Strength Difference of Arrival for WiFi Access Points Future Work –Improve accuracy/reliability –Create marketable device –Other fields

Q & A

A Cost-Effective Tracking Method in the Healthcare Field James Fasoline Michael Kilgarriff Stephen Miller John Mullen Danielle Siegel Team # 74 Technical Advisor: Professor Timothy Kurzweg Thank you for your time and attention

Works Cited Bogan, Larry. Global Positioning System – How it Works. 7 Feb Callaway, Edgar H., Jr. “Wireless Sensor Networks: Architectures and Protocols.” ENGnetBASE. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, Feb Dana, Peter H. “Global Positioning System Overview.” 01 May Feb “GPS Solutions.” 11 Feb Qinetiq. Kleinberg, Kenneth. “Wireless interference in healthcare is real but manageable.” TechRepublic. 21 Feb Kuhn, Cynthia and Wilson, Wilkie. "'Tagging' Alzheimer's Patients". WebMD (Health). 17 October WebMD Inc. 2 Feb “New Digital Tracking Devices.” About.com. 5 August About Inc. 2 Feb RFID Products. RFID Inc. 4 Feb Solutions – Overview. SMARTCODE Corp. 04 Feb Stone, Adam. “Wi-Fi Wireless Networks, Hospitals and the Medical Profession.” Wi-Fi Technology. 21 Feb “What is a Geometer?” www,IQObject.se. 9 Feb IQObjects.