SCIENCE AND ENLIGHTENMENT Warm Up: Write down your abc’s. Now write something related to the Scientific Revolution or Enlightenment that starts with as many letters as you can get through. DOK: 2; S: 2; Learning Target: I can identify individuals from this era.

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION DOK: 2; S: 2; Learning Target: I can identify individuals from this era. Mid 1500s, a new way of thinking about the natural world MIDDLE AGES – Geocentric Theory – earth is the center of the universe. Everything revolved around it in perfect circles. This was the Greek philosopher Aristotle’s theory

DOK: 2; S: 2; Learning Target: I can identify individuals from this era. Mid 1500s – Scientific Revolution born, based on careful observations and questioning of accepted beliefs COPERNICUS – Astronomer – Heliocentric Theory: sun is the center of the universe. Everything revolves around the sun. Feared rejection by religious scholars.

DOK: 2; S: 2; Learning Target: I can identify individuals from this era.

GALILEO – kept proving that Aristotle’s ideas were wrong (pendulum, falling objects, moon’s surface) and defended Copernicus Warned by Church. Put on trial. Forced to say that Copernicus’ ideas were false. House arrest until death. Church afraid people would question their teachings.

DOK: 2; S: 2; Learning Target: I can identify individuals from this era.

NEW Scientific Instruments and Discoveries 1590 Zacharias Janssen – 1 st microscope 1670s – Anton van Leewenhoek – used microscope to observe bacteria scraped from teeth and saw red blood cells for the first time 1714 Gabriel Fahrenheit – 1 st thermometer – water freezes at 32 degrees F Anders Celsius – thermometer – water freezes a 0 degrees C DOK: 2; S: 2; Learning Target: I can identify individuals from this era.

1543 – Andreas Vesalius – dissected human corpses to prove that human and animal anatomy was not the same. 1700s – Edward Jenner – small pox vaccine, innoculations used cow pox to prevent smallpox.

AGE OF REASON DOK: 2; S: 2; Learning Target: I can identify individuals from this era. A.K.A. The Enlightenment – intellectual movement that stresses reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems. Reached its height in France in the mid 1700s. Paris became the place to discuss politics and ideas. Why Paris? Paris is the intellectual and cultural capital of Europe. French thinkers are called Philosophes

5 CONCEPTS OF PHILOSOPHY DOK: 2; S: 2; Learning Target: I can identify individuals from this era. REASON – discover truth through reason and logical thinking NATURE – natural was good and reasonable HAPPINESS – people can find joy on earth PROGRESS – society and humankind could improve LIBERTY – believe society should be set free

THINKERS AND IDEAS JOHN LOCKE – criticized absolute monarchs and favored self government. Believed all people are born free and equal with 3 natural rights – life, liberty and property HOBBES – believed that people had to give up some rights to have a peaceful orderly life. Social contract with government. Absolute monarchy is the best government.

IMPACT OF ENLIGHTENMENT Theories that came out of this period helped inspire American and French Revolutions and overthrow their governments A. Belief in Progress – problems can be solved. Society can be better B. More secular outlook – worldly outlook, people question long held beliefs of the church

C. Importance of Individual – people seek truth themselves

ART AND POLITICS IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT Paris is center of culture and intellectual ideas during the 1700s. SALON – meetings held in the homes of wealthy women to discuss politics, philosophy and science. Classical Music – In the 1500s and 1600s music was of the Baroque style – grand and dramatic style by composers like Bach and Hadyn

By 1700s, new style that is lighter and more elegant – classical. Mozart begins composing at age 5. Wrote 1 st opera at age 12. Beethoven began losing his hearing in his late 20s. Novels – lengthly works of prose fiction popular with middle class (had plot, suspense, characters, feelings)

ENLIGHTENED DESPOTS Enlightened Despots – enlightened absolute rulers like Frederick the Great (Prussia) and Catherine the Great (Russia). Supported the ideas of the Philosophes. DOK: 2; S: 2; Learning Target: I can identify individuals from this era.

Exit Without peeking, in preparation for your test this Friday, name as many people of the Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution as you can, from memory. DOK: 2; S: 2; Learning Target: I can identify individuals from this era.