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I. The Framework for Indian History: I. The Framework for Indian History: Geography and a Formative Period II. Patterns in Classical India III. Political Institutions IV. Religion and Culture V. Economy and Society VI. Indian Influence VII. China and India

India in the Age of Harappa and the Early Aryan Migrations I. The Framework for Indian History: Geography and a Formative Period Geography Himalayas Monsoons India in the Age of Harappa and the Early Aryan Migrations

I. The Framework for Indian History: Geography and a Formative Period Aryans (Indo-Europeans) Vedic Age (1500–1000 B.C.E.) Sanskrit Vedas Epic Age (1000–600 B.C.E.) Mahabharata Ramayana Upanishads Varnas Kshatriyas – warriors Brahmans – priests Vaisyas – traders, farmers Sudras – laborers Untouchables Religions Indra god of Thunder Gautama Buddha

India at the Time of Ashoka II. Patterns in Classical India Alexander the Great 327 B.C.E., to India Bactria Chandragupta Maurya Mauryan Dynasty autocratic Ashoka (269–232 B.C.E.) conversion to Buddhism Kushans Kanishka collapse by 220 C.E. Guptas from 320 C.E. Huns invade, 535 C.E. India at the Time of Ashoka

II. Patterns in Classical India Alexander the Great 327 B.C.E., to India Bactria Chandragupta Maurya Mauryan Dynasty autocratic Ashoka (269–232 B.C.E.) conversion to Buddhism Kushans Kanishka collapse by 220 C.E. Guptas from 320 C.E. Huns invade, 535 C.E. The Gupta Empire

III. Political Institutions Law Codes Kautilya chief minister to Chandragupta political treatise Caste System more complex after 600 B.C.E.

IV. Religion and Culture Hinduism unifying force but not monolithic Upanishads reincarnation gurus mystics divinities Shiva Vishnu Varuna Gautama Buddha (ca 563–483 B.C.E.) nirvana spread Kamasutra Architecture stupas

V. Economy and Society Patriarchal arranged marriages but companionate Textiles Iron working steel Long-distance trade VI. Indian Influence Via trade Buddhism

VII. China and India Contrasts Indian sensuality v. Chinese restraint in art India more rigid socially Similarities large peasant classes patriarchy