The Animal Kingdom Notes - pg. 129 EQ: What are the major functions of animals?

Key Questions How are animal bodies typically organized? What are four major functions of animals? How are animals classified?

Body Organization of Animals The body of most animals are organized into cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

Functions of Animals All animals carry out the same basic physiological processes. 1. Obtaining food and oxygen 2. Homeostasis - Keeping internal conditions stable. 3. Movement 4. Reproduction

Classification of Animals 1. Animals are classified by their relation to other animals. 2. Relationships are determined by body structure, development, and DNA.

Two Main Groups of Animals 1. Vertebrates 2. Invertebrates

INVERTEBRATES: vertebrates: Invertebrates: animals without a backbone. Invertebrates make up 97% of all animal species. Earthworms Sea anemones Butterfly

Common Phyla of Invertebrates 1. Phylum Porifera – sponges 2. Phylum Cnidaria – jellyfish, coral 3. Phylum Platyhelminthes – flat worms 4. Phylum Nematoda – round worms 5. Phylum Annelida – segmented worms 6. Phylum Mollusca – snails, squid, octupus 7. Phylum Arthropoda – insects, crustaceans 8. Phylum Echinodermata – seastars

VERTEBRATES: Vertebrates: Vertebrates: a animals with a skull and a backbone. All vertebrates belong to Phylum Chordata. 1. Fish 2. Amphibians 3. Reptiles 4. Birds 5. Mammals Less than 3% of animal species are vertebrates. Amphibian Fish Reptiles Birds Mammals

Ectotherms (Coldblooded) 1. Amphibians, Reptiles and Fish 2. Bodies do not produce much internal heat. 3. Body temperature depends on temperature of the environment.

Endotherms (Warm-blooded) 1. Birds and Mammals 2. Maintain a stable body temperature.

SYMMETRY There are 3 animal body plans: radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry or no symmetry. Radial Symmetry – body organized around a center point. Bilateral Symmetry - the two halves of the body are mirror images. No Symmetry - Uneven

Examples of Symmetry